A three-dimensional finite element (3-D FE) modelling was conducted based on non-uniform distributed tire-pavement contact pressure, full interfacial layer bonding conditions, and viscoelastic characterisation of the asphalt layers. In general, high temperatures were observed to be beneficial to the bottom of the asphalt layer – both the tensile and shear stresses decreased as the temperature was increased. By contrast, the shear stresses increased on the surface of the asphalt layer with an increase in temperature – thus, increasing the propensity to surface shear failure as the temperature increased. Overall, the results indicated that under elastic modelling assumptions, there is a high propensity for failure at the bottom of the asphalt and/or base layer due to high tensile stresses. With viscoelastic modelling assumption, however, the asphalt layer is more likely to suffer from surface shear failure due to high shear stresses on the surface.

基于非均匀分布的轮胎-路面接触压力、全界面层粘合条件和沥青层的粘弹性特征，进行了三维有限元 (3-D FE) 建模。一般来说，观察到高温有利于沥青层的底部——拉伸和剪切应力都随着温度的升高而降低。相比之下，沥青层表面的剪切应力随着温度的升高而增加——因此，随着温度的升高，表面剪切破坏的倾向也会增加。总体而言，结果表明，在弹性建模假设下，由于高拉伸应力，沥青和/或基层的底部很容易发生故障。然而，根据粘弹性建模假设，