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Optimizing chlorophyll meter (SPAD) reading to allow efficient nitrogen use in rice and wheat under rice-wheat cropping system in eastern India
Plant Production Science ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 , DOI: 10.1080/1343943x.2020.1717970
Mainak Ghosh 1, 2 , Dillip Kumar Swain 1 , Madan Kumar Jha 1 , Virendra Kumar Tewari 1 , Abhishek Bohra 3
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Conventional agricultural practices that rely heavily on blanket fertilizer recommendation, eventually leading to deteriorated partial factor productivity and N use efficiency. We investigated the effect of SPAD-based N-management on productivity and N use efficiency of rice and wheat in eastern India. Here, in the experiment three SPAD thresholds (34, 36 and 38 in rice and 38, 40 and 42 in wheat) using three N levels (15, 25 and 35 kg N ha−1) in split were incorporated as real-time N management (RTNM), one fixed-time N management (FTNM), farmers’ fertilizer practice (FFP) and control (No fertilizer) were introduced in wet and dry seasons for rice and wheat, respectively, during the years 2010 to 2012. Topdressing with 25 kg N ha−1 at medium SPAD (S36 in rice and S40 in wheat) increased soil N availability, leaf N content and grain yield of rice (5215 kg ha−1) and wheat (4483 kg ha−1) over the grain yield recorded under a low rate of N topdressing at low SPAD. While saving 33.3% N in rice and 18.8% N in wheat, the agronomic N use efficiency (58.5% in both rice and wheat) and nitrogen recovery efficiency (32.2% in rice and 15.1% in wheat) can be increased when compared with conventional FTNM. The SPAD-based management strategy showed great promise in efficient management of N fertilizer, and we estimated the optimal SPAD threshold for rice and wheat as 37.5 and 41.8, respectively. Graphical abstract

中文翻译:

优化叶绿素计 (SPAD) 读数,以允许在印度东部稻麦种植系统下对水稻和小麦进行有效氮利用

摘要 严重依赖全面施肥推荐的传统农业实践,最终导致部分要素生产力和氮利用效率下降。我们调查了基于 SPAD 的氮管理对印度东部水稻和小麦生产力和氮利用效率的影响。在这里,在实验中,三个 SPAD 阈值(水稻为 34、36 和 38,小麦为 38、40 和 42)使用三个 N 水平(15、25 和 35 kg N ha-1)作为实时 N在 2010 年至 2012 年期间,分别在水稻和小麦的雨季和旱季引入了管理(RTNM)、一种固定时间氮管理(FTNM)、农民施肥实践(FFP)和控制(不施肥)。 25 kg N ha-1 在中等 SPAD(水稻中的 S36 和小麦中的 S40)增加了土壤氮的有效性,水稻 (5215 kg ha-1) 和小麦 (4483 kg ha-1) 的叶片 N 含量和籽粒产量超过在低 SPAD 下低施氮率下记录的籽粒产量。在水稻节氮33.3%、小麦节氮18.8%的同时,与常规氮肥相比,可提高农艺氮素利用效率(水稻和小麦均为58.5%)和氮素回收效率(水稻32.2%,小麦15.1%)光纤到户。基于SPAD的管理策略在氮肥的高效管理方面表现出很大的希望,我们估计水稻和小麦的最佳SPAD阈值分别为37.5和41.8。图形概要 与传统的 FTNM 相比,水稻和小麦均提高 5%)和氮回收效率(水稻为 32.2%,小麦为 15.1%)。基于SPAD的管理策略在氮肥的高效管理方面表现出很大的希望,我们估计水稻和小麦的最佳SPAD阈值分别为37.5和41.8。图形概要 与传统的 FTNM 相比,水稻和小麦均提高 5%)和氮回收效率(水稻为 32.2%,小麦为 15.1%)。基于SPAD的管理策略在氮肥的高效管理方面表现出很大的希望,我们估计水稻和小麦的最佳SPAD阈值分别为37.5和41.8。图形概要
更新日期:2020-01-29
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