ABSTRACT An estimated 2.7 million septic systems in Florida, USA are potential ground and surface water contaminant sources that may affect environmental and human health. This study examined the spatial distribution of septic systems, coastal surface water contamination, and related environmental factors of coastal Florida watersheds at the 8-digit hydrologic unit code level. Hydrology, in situ sampling data, and other ancillary data were combined in a geographic information system to examine spatial relationships. Spatial distribution data were correlated to nitrogen, Enterococci counts, and beach closures tabulated since 2000, 2007, and 2012. Significant positive correlations (α = 0.05) with nitrogen and Enterococci counts were consistent for percent agricultural cover, percent combined urban and agricultural cover, septic tank density, population density, and septic tank density in poorly drained soils. Beach closures since 2012 were significantly positively correlated (α = 0.05) to average impervious cover (IC) and percent urbanization. Statistics indicated that Enterococci counts, nitrogen, and beach closures may be related to specific environmental factors and septic tank densities. The combination of septic tanks in urban regions with high IC prone to elevated runoff could also be a factor in surface water contamination. Data availability was also highlighted as a limitation due to infrequent spatial and temporal sampling.

中文翻译：

---

分析化粪池系统对美国佛罗里达海岸影响的综合 GIS 方法

摘要 美国佛罗里达州估计有 270 万个化粪池系统是潜在的地下水和地表水污染源，可能影响环境和人类健康。本研究在 8 位水文单位代码级别检查了佛罗里达州沿海流域的化粪池系统、沿海地表水污染和相关环境因素的空间分布。水文学、原位采样数据和其他辅助数据结合在地理信息系统中以检查空间关系。自 2000 年、2007 年和 2012 年以来，空间分布数据与氮、肠球菌计数和海滩关闭相关。与氮和肠球菌计数的显着正相关 (α = 0.05) 在农业覆盖百分比、城市和农业覆盖百分比、化粪池密度，人口密度和排水不良土壤中的化粪池密度。自 2012 年以来的海滩关闭与平均不透水覆盖率 (IC) 和城市化百分比显着正相关 (α = 0.05)。统计数据表明，肠球菌计数、氮和海滩关闭可能与特定的环境因素和化粪池密度有关。城市地区的化粪池与高 IC 的组合容易增加径流，这也可能是地表水污染的一个因素。由于空间和时间采样不频繁，数据可用性也被强调为限制。海滩关闭可能与特定的环境因素和化粪池密度有关。城市地区的化粪池与高 IC 的组合容易增加径流，这也可能是地表水污染的一个因素。由于空间和时间采样不频繁，数据可用性也被强调为限制。海滩关闭可能与特定的环境因素和化粪池密度有关。城市地区的化粪池与高 IC 的组合容易增加径流，这也可能是地表水污染的一个因素。由于空间和时间采样不频繁，数据可用性也被强调为限制。