Abstract

Three hepatic failure poisoning incidents caused by Lepiota brunneoincarnata and Lepiota venenata mushrooms have been occurred in China in 2017, L. venenata has been described as a new species. However, the cyclopeptide toxins of these lethal mushrooms remain poorly understood. In this study, the composition and content of amatoxins in L. brunneoincarnata and L. venenata are analyzed and compared, the analysis of composition and content of amatoxins in L. venenata are reported for the first time. The results showed that β-amanitin (β-AMA), α-amanitin (α-AMA), amanin, and amaninamide were identified in L. brunneoincarnata, and α-AMA, amanin II (an analog of amanin), and an unknown compound were identified in L. venenata. The differences between L. brunneoincarnata and L. venenata in the identified compounds provide chemical evidence for L. venenata as a new species. Quantitative analysis shows that α-AMA concentrations in L. brunneoincarnata and L. venenata were 0.72–1.97 mg/g dry weight, β-AMA concentrations in L. brunneoincarnata were 0.57–0.94 mg/g dry weight, and β-AMA was absent in L. venenata.

摘要

2017年，我国发生了三起由棕斑兔和金斑兔引起的肝功能衰竭中毒事件，斑斑兔被列为新种。然而，人们对这些致命蘑菇的环肽毒素仍然知之甚少。本研究对斑纹鹅膏菌和斑纹鹅膏菌中的鹅膏毒素成分和含量进行了分析比较，首次对斑纹鹅膏菌中的鹅膏毒素成分和含量进行分析。结果表明，在L. brunneoincarnata中鉴定出β-鹅膏蕈碱（β-AMA）、α-鹅膏蕈碱（α-AMA）、鹅膏蕈素和鹅膏蕈酰胺，以及α-AMA、鹅膏蕈素II（鹅膏蕈素的类似物）和未知的鹅膏蕈素。在L. venenata中鉴定出该化合物。所鉴定的化合物中L. brunneoincarnata和L. venenata之间的差异为L. venenata作为一个新物种提供了化学证据。定量分析表明，L. brunneoincarnata和L. venenata中的 α-AMA 浓度为 0.72–1.97 mg/g 干重，β-AMA 浓度为0.57–0.94 mg/g 干重，并且不存在 β-AMA在L. venenata中。