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Contribution of preferential flow to tile drainage varies spatially and temporally
Vadose Zone Journal ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1002/vzj2.20043 William T Pluer 1 , Merrin Macrae 1 , Aaron Buckley 1 , Keith Reid 2
Vadose Zone Journal ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1002/vzj2.20043 William T Pluer 1 , Merrin Macrae 1 , Aaron Buckley 1 , Keith Reid 2
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Tile drainage of agricultural fields is a conduit for nutrient losses. Preferential flow in the soil can more directly connect surface runoff with tile drainage compared with matrix flow, which may also increase P losses. In this study, water temperature was monitored in surface runoff and tile drainage and electrical conductivity (EC) was measured in tile drainage at two sites in southern Ontario with different soil types (i.e., clay and loam). These data were used to estimate the percentage of preferential flow in tile drainage based on end member mixing. Estimates using temperature were compared with estimates using EC, and both were evaluated across seasons and hydrographs and compared with P concentration and load data. There was strong correlation (r = .83) between estimates of preferential flow using the two methods, but due to variability in surface temperatures, EC provided a less flashy estimate for preferential flow (Durbin–Watson statistics of 0.34 for temperature and 0.09 for EC). Preferential flow accounted for a higher percentage of tile drainage flow in clay soil than loam, but percentages were not significantly different between seasons or timing within events. Phosphorus concentrations and loads were weakly correlated with preferential flow, suggesting that P transport was influenced by other factors as well. Although further work is necessary to calibrate these methods for estimating preferential flow from continuously monitored temperature and EC, this technique can be applied to already collected data to model and test posited explanations of observed phenomena in P, other nutrients, and water transport from tile‐drained agricultural land.
中文翻译:
优先排水对瓷砖排水的贡献在空间和时间上都不同
农田的排水是养分流失的渠道。与基质流相比,土壤中的优先流可以更直接地将地表径流与瓷砖排水联系起来,这也可能增加磷的损失。在这项研究中,在安大略省南部两个具有不同土壤类型(即黏土和壤土)的地点对地表径流和瓷砖排水中的水温进行了监测,并对瓷砖排水中的电导率(EC)进行了测量。这些数据用于基于端部构件混合来估计瓷砖排水中优先流动的百分比。将使用温度的估计值与使用EC的估计值进行比较,并在整个季节和水文图上对两者进行评估,并与P浓度和负荷数据进行比较。有很强的相关性([R 两种方法得出的优先流量估算值之间的差值= 0.83,但由于表面温度的变化,EC对优先流量的估算不那么浮华(温度的Durbin-Watson统计值为0.34,EC值为0.09)。优先流量占粘土土壤中瓷砖排水流量的百分比高于壤土,但在季节之间或事件发生时间之间的百分比没有显着差异。磷的浓度和负荷与优先流弱相关,表明磷的运输也受其他因素的影响。尽管需要进一步的工作来校准这些方法,以便从连续监测的温度和EC中估算优先流量,但该技术可以应用于已经收集的数据,以建模和测试对P中观察到的现象的解释,
更新日期:2020-06-30
中文翻译:
优先排水对瓷砖排水的贡献在空间和时间上都不同
农田的排水是养分流失的渠道。与基质流相比,土壤中的优先流可以更直接地将地表径流与瓷砖排水联系起来,这也可能增加磷的损失。在这项研究中,在安大略省南部两个具有不同土壤类型(即黏土和壤土)的地点对地表径流和瓷砖排水中的水温进行了监测,并对瓷砖排水中的电导率(EC)进行了测量。这些数据用于基于端部构件混合来估计瓷砖排水中优先流动的百分比。将使用温度的估计值与使用EC的估计值进行比较,并在整个季节和水文图上对两者进行评估,并与P浓度和负荷数据进行比较。有很强的相关性([R 两种方法得出的优先流量估算值之间的差值= 0.83,但由于表面温度的变化,EC对优先流量的估算不那么浮华(温度的Durbin-Watson统计值为0.34,EC值为0.09)。优先流量占粘土土壤中瓷砖排水流量的百分比高于壤土,但在季节之间或事件发生时间之间的百分比没有显着差异。磷的浓度和负荷与优先流弱相关,表明磷的运输也受其他因素的影响。尽管需要进一步的工作来校准这些方法,以便从连续监测的温度和EC中估算优先流量,但该技术可以应用于已经收集的数据,以建模和测试对P中观察到的现象的解释,