It is never known how well new cultivars will perform under commercial production until they are released and grown across different environments. Every cultivar released has a different impact on the region for which it was intended. Some cultivars are in commercial production for only a few years, whereas others are cultivated for decades. ‘Madsen’, a soft white winter wheat released in 1988 for production in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), has been in commercial production for 30 years. Once the dominant cultivar grown in the PNW, Madsen was produced mainly because of its high yield potential and excellent biotic stress resistance. Currently, Madsen is grown on limited hectares, replaced by many cultivars with higher yield potential; yet its legacy has gone far beyond commercial production. Madsen has been the parent of over 45 released cultivars, many of which were the lines that replaced it in commercial production. It is used as a parent mainly because of its excellent disease resistance to common diseases of the PNW. Madsen has also been used in research projects to identify disease resistance genes. In some cases Madsen was found to be carrying resistance genes the breeder was not aware of but were discovered later in research or field screenings. In this paper, we review the history of Madsen to determine what made it such a successful cultivar and parental line. Data were collected from multiple field trials and research papers and summarized for review.

中文翻译：

---

“ Madsen”如何塑造西北太平洋及其他地区的小麦

直到新品种在不同环境中释放和生长之前，尚不知道新品种在商业生产下的表现如何。释放的每个品种对预定区域都有不同的影响。有些品种的商业化生产只有几年时间，而另一些品种的耕种已经几十年了。“ Madsen”是一种柔软的白色冬小麦，于1988年投放市场，在西北太平洋地区（PNW）生产，已经投入商业生产已有30年。PNW中的优势品种一旦生长，就产生了Madsen，这主要是由于其高产潜力和出色的生物逆境性。目前，Madsen的种植面积有限，取而代之的是具有较高单产潜力的许多品种。但是它的遗产已经远远超出了商业生产。Madsen是超过45个已发布品种的父本，其中许多是在商业生产中取代它的生产线。它被用作亲本主要是因为它对PNW的常见疾病具有出色的抗病性。Madsen也已用于研究项目中以鉴定抗病基因。在某些情况下，人们发现Madsen携带抗性基因，而育种者并不知道这种抗性基因，但后来在研究或现场筛选中发现了抗性基因。在本文中，我们回顾了Madsen的历史，以确定是什么使它成为如此成功的品种和亲本系。从多个现场试验和研究论文中收集数据，并进行总结以供审查。Madsen也已用于研究项目中以鉴定抗病基因。在某些情况下，人们发现Madsen携带抗性基因，而育种者并不知道这种抗性基因，但后来在研究或现场筛选中发现了抗性基因。在本文中，我们回顾了Madsen的历史，以确定是什么使它成为如此成功的品种和亲本系。从多个现场试验和研究论文中收集数据，并进行总结以供审查。Madsen也已用于研究项目中以鉴定抗病基因。在某些情况下，人们发现Madsen携带抗性基因，而育种者并不知道这种抗性基因，但后来在研究或现场筛选中发现了抗性基因。在本文中，我们回顾了Madsen的历史，以确定是什么使它成为如此成功的品种和亲本系。从多个现场试验和研究论文中收集数据，并进行总结以供审查。