Phenological resources are common across many ecological communities, and can strongly affect community dynamics. Recent field manipulation experiments in stream food chains found that seasonal timing and duration of terrestrial prey inputs affected the feeding behavior, growth, and maturation of fish predators, caused predator‐mediated indirect effects on aquatic prey, and modified trophic‐cascading effects on ecosystem processes (i.e., litter decomposition). These experiments described impacts of resource phenological changes over a few month period, but long‐term impacts of continued changes in resource phenology are unknown. Here, we develop a mathematical model to extrapolate long‐term predictions about the effects of changes in resource phenology from the results of field manipulation experiments. The model predicts that advanced timing generally decreases aquatic prey and litter processing and prolonged duration will either increase or decrease aquatic prey and litter processing depending on the total amount and pre‐disturbed timing and duration of terrestrial prey inputs. Our modeling approach clarifies that stage‐specific responses of life history processes in fish (i.e., growth, maturation, and reproduction) to phenological changes in terrestrial prey inputs mediate indirect effects on aquatic prey and litter processing. We argue that stage‐specific responses of life history processes are an integral part of the mechanisms with which to predict the consequences of phenological species interactions at the community and ecosystem levels.

中文翻译：

---

物候资源的时间和持续时间：机械理解其对溪流食物链中社区结构和生态系统过程的影响

物候资源在许多生态社区中很普​​遍，并且会严重影响社区动态。最近在河流食物链中进行的野外操作实验发现，陆生猎物投入的季节时机和持续时间影响了鱼类捕食者的摄食行为，生长和成熟，对水生猎物造成了介导的捕食者间接影响，并对生态系统过程的营养级联效应有所改变（即垃圾分解）。这些实验描述了资源物候变化在几个月内的影响，但是资源物候持续变化的长期影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们开发了一个数学模型，以根据田间操作实验的结果推断关于资源物候变化影响的长期预测。该模型预测，提前定时通常会减少水生猎物和垃圾处理，而持续时间将增加或减少水生猎物和垃圾处理，具体取决于陆地猎物投入的总量，预扰动的时间和持续时间。我们的建模方法阐明了鱼类生活史过程（即生长，成熟和繁殖）对陆生猎物输入物候变化的阶段特定响应，从而间接影响了水生猎物和垃圾处理。我们认为，生命历史过程的特定阶段响应是机制的不可分割的一部分，可用来预测在社区和生态系统层面上物候物种相互作用的后果。