The American oil palm [Elaeis oleifera (Knuth) Cortés] has pronounced importance in oil palm breeding programs. Here, a germplasm bank (GB) of E. oleifera plants collected in the Amazon rainforest in Brazil was submitted to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker identification, selection, and use, aiming to characterize genetic diversity and population structure and to design a core collection (CC). Five hundred and fifty‐three plants from 206 subsamples, collected at 19 localities spread throughout six geographic regions, were submitted to genotyping‐by‐sequencing analysis. A set of 1,827 high‐quality SNP markers was then selected and used to run the genetic diversity and population structure analysis. The genetic diversity found is of moderate degree, and probably only a small portion of the species diversity is represented in the collection. The possible reason for that is the collecting strategy used, which collected subsamples only around the most prominent watercourses in the region. The average degree of genetic differentiation among subsamples is very high, indicating the presence of high interpopulation differentiation. The collection showed a low level of endogamy. The low average gene flow found indicates that genetic isolation caused by drift is occurring, and there is a need to review the conservation strategy. A set of 245 SNPs distributed throughout all 16 chromosomes was used to design CC based on maximizing the strategy of diversity. The optimal adjustment of the validated parameters, maintained while taking fewest subsamples, led to the choice of a model containing 20% of the entire collection as the ideal to form the CC.

中文翻译：

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来自巴西的美国油棕：遗传多样性，种群结构和核心收藏

美国油棕[油棕（Elaeis oleifera（Knuth）Cortés]]在油棕育种计划中具有重要意义。在这里，种质资源库（GB）的E.油茶巴西亚马逊雨林中收集的植物经过单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记鉴定，选择和使用，旨在表征遗传多样性和种群结构，并设计核心收集物（CC）。从分布在六个地理区域的19个地点收集的206个子样本中的553个植物进行了基因分型分析。然后选择了一组1,827个高质量SNP标记，并用于进行遗传多样性和种群结构分析。发现的遗传多样性属于中等程度，收集中可能只代表一小部分物种多样性。可能的原因是所采用的收集策略，该策略仅在该地区最著名的河道周围收集子样本。子样本之间的平均遗传分化程度非常高，表明存在高种群间分化。收集物显示低水平的内婚。发现的平均基因流量低表明正在发生由漂移引起的遗传隔离，因此有必要审查保护策略。一组分布在所有16条染色体上的245个SNP用于基于最大化多样性策略设计CC。在对有效参数进行最佳调整的同时保持最少的子样本，这导致选择包含整个集合的20％的模型作为形成CC的理想选择。发现的平均基因流量低表明正在发生由漂移引起的遗传隔离，因此有必要审查保护策略。一组分布在所有16条染色体上的245个SNP用于基于最大化多样性策略设计CC。在对有效参数进行最佳调整的同时保持最少的子样本，这导致选择包含整个集合的20％的模型作为形成CC的理想选择。发现的平均基因流量低表明正在发生由漂移引起的遗传隔离，因此有必要审查保护策略。一组分布在所有16条染色体上的245个SNP用于基于最大化多样性策略设计CC。在对有效参数进行最佳调整的同时保持最少的子样本，这导致选择包含整个集合的20％的模型作为形成CC的理想选择。