Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are secondary metabolites synthesized mainly by gramineous plants, including rye (Secale cereale L.), that play an important role in stress resistance and allelopathy. In the present work, the influence of cocultivation of rye with berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) on the expression of BX synthesis‐regulating genes (ScBx1–ScBx5, ScIgl, and ScGT) and the content of six BXs (HBOA, DIBOA, GDIBOA, DIMBOA, GDIMBOA, and MBOA) in roots and the aerial portion of three rye inbred lines (ILs) (L318, D33, and D39) was investigated. Cocultivation of rye with berseem clover influenced its gene expression levels and BX contents. The response was strongly affected by rye genotype, plant part, time point, gene, and metabolite. The most frequently observed changes of gene expression concerned IL D33, aerial plant parts, the second time point (4 wk after germination), and ScBx3. For BX synthesis, the most frequently observed changes for IL D33 were in roots, the third time point (6 wk after germination), GDIBOA, and DIBOA. In 18.3% of cases, gene expression was correlated with BX synthesis. The coregulation of gene expression and BX synthesis in roots and aerial parts of rye plants affected by clover was observed relatively rarely. Cocultivation of rye with clover led, after 6 wk, to BX increases in roots of all tested ILs. Despite the lack of clearly universal response, the cocultivation of rye with clover may strengthen rye defense capability, at least against soil pathogens.

中文翻译：

---

黑麦与berseem三叶草的共培养会影响苯并嗪类的产生和相关基因的表达

苯并恶嗪类化合物（BXs）是主要由禾本科植物合成的次级代谢产物，包括黑麦（Secale graine L.），它们在抗逆性和化感作用中起重要作用。在目前的工作中，黑麦与伯希三叶草（Trifolium alexandrinum L.）的共培养对BX合成调节基因（ScBx1 – ScBx5，ScIgl和ScGT）表达的影响），研究了三种黑麦近交系（ILs）（L318，D33和D39）的根部和空中部分中六种BX（HBOA，DIBOA，GDIBOA，DIMBOA，GDIMBOA和MBOA）的含量。黑麦与berseem三叶草的共培养影响其基因表达水平和BX含量。黑麦的基因型，植物部位，时间点，基因和代谢产物强烈影响该反应。观察到最频繁的基因表达变化涉及IL D33，空中植物部分，第二个时间点（发芽后4周）和ScBx3。对于BX合成，IL D33最常观察到的变化是在根，第三个时间点（发芽后6周），GDIBOA和DIBOA。在18.3％的病例中，基因表达与BX合成相关。受三叶草影响的黑麦植物的根部和空中部分的基因表达和BX合成的调控相对较少。6周后，黑麦与三叶草的共培养导致所有测试IL的根中BX增加。尽管缺乏明确的普遍反应，但黑麦与三叶草的共培养可能会增强黑麦的防御能力，至少可以抵抗土壤病原体。