Genebanks conserve worldwide crop genetic diversity in systematically assembled and maintained ex situ collections for use by plant breeders and geneticists to improve the productivity, value, and sustainability of agriculture. Challenges faced in genebank management include providing sufficient and accurate trait information to facilitate searching the collection; controlling redundant accessions, seed mixtures, and mislabeled accessions; and identifying gaps in diversity. To help address these issues, a system that employs genotyping using 24 trait‐specific markers (TSMs), fingerprint markers (FPMs), or markers that are unique to subspecies was implemented for the USDA–ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) for rice (Oryza sativa L.). Trait‐specific markers were used to validate phenotypic data for fragrance, pericarp color, apparent amylose content, starch pasting properties, gelatinization temperature, resistance to rice blast disease, plant pubescence, and plant height. Discrepancies between genotypic and phenotypic data are useful for quality control during curation or may present opportunities for identifying novel alleles, particularly for TSMs. Over 2,000 accessions were classified by species, O. sativa or O. glaberrima Steud.; subspecies, Indica or Japonica; and subpopulation, aromatic, indica, aus, temperate japonica, or tropical japonica using the subspecies marker and FPMs. This small panel of TSMs and FPMs was also adequate for differentiating important U.S. cultivars, which are primarily of tropical japonica background. As a result of this study, TSM and FPM descriptors will be added to the rice NSGC database, redundancies reduced, and mislabeled accessions corrected, thus increasing the value of the rice NSGC for breeding programs and providing new opportunities for gene discovery.

中文翻译：

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在USDA-ARS水稻收集中增强可搜索性，育种效用和种质材料的有效管理

种质库通过系统地组装和维护非原生境收集品来保护全世界的作物遗传多样性，供植物育种者和遗传学家使用，以提高农业的生产力，价值和可持续性。种质库管理面临的挑战包括提供足够和准确的性状信息，以方便检索馆藏；控制多余的种质，种子混合物和标签错误的种质；并找出多样性方面的差距。为了帮助解决这些问题，为美国农业部和美国国家农业研究总局的国家植物种质系统（NPGS）实施了使用24种性状特异性标记（TSM），指纹标记（FPM）或亚种独有的标记进行基因分型的系统小杂粮系列（NSGC）大米（水稻L.）。使用特质特异的标记来验证表型数据，包括香味，果皮颜色，表观直链淀粉含量，淀粉糊化特性，糊化温度，对稻瘟病的抗性，植物青春期和植物高度。基因型和表型数据之间的差异可用于管理过程中的质量控制，或可能为鉴定新的等位基因（尤其是TSM）提供机会。超过2,000个种按O. sativa或O. glaberrima Steud的种类进行了分类。亚种，印度或粳稻；及亚群，芳香族，印度，澳洲，温带粳稻或热带粳稻使用亚种标记和FPM。TSM和FPM的这一小小组也足以区分重要的美国品种，这些品种主要是热带粳稻。这项研究的结果是，TSM和FPM描述符将添加到水稻NSGC数据库中，减少了冗余，纠正了错误标记的种质，从而增加了水稻NSGC在育种程序中的价值，并为基因发现提供了新的机会。