Urban Climate ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100644 Nuria Vargas , Víctor Magaña
The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) had a rapid demographic and urban growth during the second half of the twentieth century that led to development of an intense Urban Heat Island (UHI). In the urbanized zone, the mean maximum and minimum temperatures have had significant increases of the order of 3 and 4°C during the last one hundred years. Even more, the areas of larger mean annual temperature approximately match the urbanization patters, showing the MCMA UHI has expanded to the eastern – northeastern and northwestern zones, along with the urbanization. There has also been a change in the precipitation regime over most of the city, since annual mean precipitation, for instance over the western part of the MCMA, has increased in almost 40% during the last century. In summary, the natural hazards related to warm spells (maximum temperature > 30 °C) or intense storms (precipitation > 20 mm/day) have increased along with the UHI. When some factors of the MCMA vulnerability are considered (i.e., loss of natural vegetation), it is concluded that the urban growth of the region has led to higher climatic risk and to more negative impacts, such as urban floods.
中文翻译:
城市化导致的墨西哥城大都市地区的气候风险
墨西哥城都市区(MCMA)在20世纪下半叶的人口和城市发展迅速,从而导致了密集的城市热岛(UHI)的发展。在过去的一百年里,城市化地区的平均最高和最低温度显着升高了3和4°C。更重要的是,年平均气温较高的地区大致与城市化模式相吻合,这表明MCMA UHI随城市化而扩展到东部,东北和西北地区。自上世纪以来,例如MCMA西部地区的年平均降水量增加了近40%,该城市大部分地区的降水方式也发生了变化。综上所述,与温暖的法术(最高温度> 30°C)或强烈的风暴(降水量> 20 mm /天)有关的自然危害随着UHI的增加而增加。当考虑到MCMA脆弱性的某些因素(即自然植被的丧失)时,可以得出结论,该地区的城市增长导致了更高的气候风险和更负面的影响,例如城市洪水。