The global incidence of liver cancer continues to grow. Liver cancer, especially hepatocellular carcinoma, has high recurrence and mortality rates. Here, we review the past decade's diagnostic, therapeutic, and management strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma, and summarize new patient management approaches, including enhanced recovery after surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. We compare traditional and innovative management methods, which comprise developments in precision medicine, and consider their limitations. Ongoing innovation and technological advances enable surgeons to gain deeper understandings of the multidimensionality of hepatocellular carcinoma, thereby promoting the continuous development of precision therapy.

肝癌的全球发病率持续增长。肝癌，尤其是肝细胞癌，具有较高的复发率和死亡率。在这里，我们回顾了过去十年肝细胞癌的诊断，治疗和管理策略，并总结了新的患者管理方法，包括提高术后恢复，靶向治疗和免疫治疗。我们比较了传统和创新的管理方法，其中包括精确医学的发展，并考虑了它们的局限性。不断的创新和技术进步使外科医生对肝细胞癌的多维性有了更深入的了解，从而促进了精确疗法的不断发展。