This review surveys six classes of heterogeneous catalysts that have been used in the conversion of epoxides and CO₂ into cyclic carbonates; metal organic frameworks; silica-based catalysts; organic polymer supports; metal oxides; zeolites and carbon-based catalysts. Many of these catalysts are extremely active in the ring-opening of terminal epoxides, require fairly mild conditions and can be made in a sustainable manner. Some catalytic systems however require toxic and hazardous chemicals in their synthesis, and many struggle to ring-open the more sterically demanding and hindered internal epoxides. This review covers the most recent heterogeneous catalysts reported in the literature not only from a catalytic efficiency perspective but also from a green chemistry and sustainable viewpoint.

这篇综述综述了六类非均相催化剂，这些催化剂用于将环氧化物和CO ₂转化为环状碳酸酯。金属有机骨架；二氧化硅基催化剂；有机聚合物载体；金属氧化物 沸石和碳基催化剂。这些催化剂中的许多在末端环氧化物的开环中具有极高的活性，需要相当温和的条件，并且可以可持续的方式制备。但是，某些催化系统在合成过程中需要使用有毒和有害的化学物质，并且许多系统都在努力打开空间要求更高且受阻的内部环氧化物。这篇综述不仅从催化效率的角度，而且从绿色化学和可持续的观点出发，涵盖了文献中报道的最新的非均相催化剂。