Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science ( IF 4.025 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-27 , DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.05.002 Roheeni Saxena 1 , Melika Babadi 2 , Hasti Namvarhaghighi 2 , Florence I Roullet 3
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder thought to be caused by predisposing high-risk genes that may be altered during the early development by environmental factors. The impact of maternal challenges during pregnancy on the prevalence of ASD has been widely studied in clinical and animal studies. Here, we review some clinical and pre-clinical evidence that links environmental factors (i.e., infection, air pollution, pesticides, valproic acid and folic acid) and the risk of ASD. Additionally, certain prenatal environmental challenges such as the valproate and folate prenatal exposures allow us to study mechanisms possibly linked to the etiology of ASD, for instance the epigenetic processes. These mechanistic pathways are also presented and discussed in this chapter.
中文翻译:
环境因素和表观遗传学在自闭症谱系障碍中的作用。
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种神经发育障碍,被认为是由易患高风险基因引起的,而高风险基因可能会在早期发育过程中被环境因素改变。在临床和动物研究中,孕期孕产妇面临的挑战对ASD患病率的影响已得到广泛研究。在这里,我们回顾一些将环境因素(即感染,空气污染,农药,丙戊酸和叶酸)与ASD风险联系起来的临床和临床前证据。此外,某些产前环境挑战,例如丙戊酸和叶酸产前暴露,使我们能够研究可能与ASD病因相关的机制,例如表观遗传过程。这些机械途径也将在本章中介绍和讨论。