The hippocampal formation is crucial for the generation and regulation of several brain functions, including memory and learning processes; however, it is vulnerable to neurological disorders, such as epilepsy. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of epilepsy, changes the hippocampal circuitry and excitability, under the contribution of both neuronal degeneration and abnormal neurogenesis. Classically, neurodegeneration affects sensitive areas of the hippocampus, such as dentate gyrus (DG) hilus, as well as specific fields of the Ammon's horn, CA3, and CA1. In addition, the proliferation, migration, and abnormal integration of newly generated hippocampal granular cells (GCs) into the brain characterize TLE neurogenesis. Robust studies over the years have intensely discussed the effects of death and life in the hippocampus, though there are still questions to be answered about their possible benefits and risks. Here, we review the impacts of death and life in the hippocampus, discussing its influence on TLE, providing new perspectives or insights for the implementation of new possible therapeutic targets. This article is part of the Special Issue "NEWroscience 2018".

中文翻译：

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海马体的生与死：有什么不好？

海马体的形成对于多种大脑功能的产生和调节至关重要，包括记忆和学习过程；然而，它容易受到神经系统疾病的影响，例如癫痫症。颞叶癫痫 (TLE) 是最常见的癫痫类型，在神经元变性和异常神经发生的共同作用下，会改变海马回路和兴奋性。传统上，神经变性会影响海马的敏感区域，例如齿状回 (DG) 门，以及阿蒙角、CA3 和 CA1 的特定区域。此外，新生成的海马颗粒细胞 (GC) 的增殖、迁移和异常整合到大脑中是 TLE 神经发生的特征。多年来，强有力的研究深入讨论了海马体中死亡和生命的影响，尽管关于它们可能的好处和风险仍有待回答。在这里，我们回顾了海马体中死亡和生命的影响，讨论了它对 TLE 的影响，为实施新的可能的治疗目标提供了新的观点或见解。本文是特刊“NEWroscience 2018”的一部分。