Abstract Background Major infrastructure development is often transformative for society, including its health. In this realm, there is a growing trend to view airports as drivers for health. By linking airport, urban and health planning, airports can become settings for health. Engaging stakeholders and those affected by such major change in health assessments is essential. This paper demonstrates that health and health equity impacts of major infrastructure developments such as airports extend to the planning processes for these developments; it argues that building a Healthy Airport requires greater consideration of how communities are engaged in these processes. Methods We carried out a Health Impact Assessment of community engagement practices for the planning processes of a new greenfield airport in Australia. The standard step-wise process for completing an HIA was followed. Results 151 stakeholders participated in the study. Overall, participants were dissatisfied with community engagement for the proposed airport. While there were some unanticipated positive community level impacts resulting from the engagement process (community members becoming involved in community activism), by and large community members identified mostly negative impacts including anxiety, disempowerment, poor social connection, lack of trust and aggravation of health inequities. Conclusion Potentially affected individuals and communities may feel disenfranchised by transformative infrastructure change ‘over their heads’. Missed opportunities to achieve benefits of well-executed community engagement not only lead to feelings of disempowerment and frustration among stakeholders but can potentially negatively impact on individual and community health and well-being. Health impact assessments that effectively assess planning and engagement processes can play a role in mitigating these impacts.

中文翻译：

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基础设施变革对健康的影响：过程与结果一样重要

摘要 背景 重大基础设施的发展通常对社会具有变革性，包括其健康。在这个领域，越来越多的人将机场视为健康的驱动力。通过将机场、城市和健康规划联系起来，机场可以成为健康场所。让利益相关者和受此类健康评估重大变化影响的人参与至关重要。本文表明，机场等主要基础设施发展对健康和健康公平的影响延伸到这些发展的规划过程；它认为，建设健康机场需要更多地考虑社区如何参与这些过程。方法 我们对澳大利亚新建机场的规划过程中的社区参与实践进行了健康影响评估。遵循完成 HIA 的标准分步流程。结果 151 名利益相关者参与了研究。总体而言，参与者对拟建机场的社区参与不满意。虽然参与过程（社区成员参与社区活动）产生了一些意料之外的积极社区影响，但总的来说，社区成员确定了主要负面影响，包括焦虑、权力丧失、社会联系不良、缺乏信任和健康不平等加剧. 结论 潜在受影响的个人和社区可能会因“头顶”的基础设施变革而感到被剥夺了权利。错失从执行良好的社区参与中获益的机会不仅会导致利益相关者感到无能为力和沮丧，而且可能对个人和社区的健康和福祉产生潜在的负面影响。有效评估规划和参与过程的健康影响评估可以在减轻这些影响方面发挥作用。