Many anion channels, frequently referred as Cl⁻ channels, are permeable to different anions in addition to Cl⁻. As the second-most abundant anion in the human body, HCO₃⁻ permeation via anion channels has many important physiological roles. In addition to its classical role as an intracellular pH regulator, HCO₃⁻ also controls the activity and stability of dissolved proteins in bodily fluids such as saliva, pancreatic juice, intestinal fluid, and airway surface liquid. Moreover, HCO₃⁻ permeation through these channels affects membrane potentials that are the driving forces for transmembrane transport of solutes and water in epithelia and affect neuronal excitability in nervous tissue. Consequently, aberrant HCO₃⁻ transport via anion channels causes a number of human diseases in respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and neuronal systems. Notably, recent studies have shown that the HCO₃⁻ permeabilities of several anion channels are not fixed and can be altered by cellular stimuli, findings which may have both physiological and pathophysiological significance. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and the physiological roles of HCO₃⁻ permeation through anion channels. We hope that the present discussions can stimulate further research into this very important topic, which will provide the basis for human disorders associated with aberrant HCO₃⁻ transport.

许多阴离子通道，通常称为例如Cl ^-通道，可透过除了氯不同阴离子^- 。由于在人体内的第二最丰富的阴离子，HCO ₃ ^-通过阴离子通道渗透有许多重要的生理作用。除了其作为细胞内pH调节经典作用，HCO ₃ ^-也控制活性和体液例如唾液，胰液，肠液溶解的蛋白质的稳定性，以及气道表面液体。此外，HCO ₃ ^-通过这些通道的渗透会影响膜电位，而膜电位是上皮中溶质和水跨膜转运的驱动力，并影响神经组织的神经元兴奋性。因此，异常的HCO ₃ ^-通过阴离子通道传输引起许多人类疾病在呼吸道，胃肠道，泌尿生殖和神经元系统。值得注意的是，最近的研究已经表明，HCO ₃ ^-几个阴离子通道的渗透率是不固定的，并且可以通过细胞的刺激，其可具有生理和病理生理学意义的发现而改变。在这次审查中，我们总结了在理解的分子机制和HCO的生理作用的最新进展₃ ^-通过阴离子通道渗透。我们希望的是，本讨论可以刺激进一步研究这一非常重要的话题，这将提供用于治疗与异常HCO相关的人类疾病的基础上₃ ^-运输。