Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been representing a scientific breakthrough in the photovoltaic field since 2009 when they were applied to replace photoactive dyes in hybrid solar cells. Further development has been highly boosted by a large and enthusiastic effort up to a current maximum efficiency of 24.2%. The exceptionality of this class of materials resides in their soft character combined with long diffusion lengths of the photo-generated carriers, a wide absorption range and direct tunable bandgap. Nonetheless, the low structural stability of the hybrid perovskites, primary MAPbI3, risks to severely retard their wide-range applications in low-cost/high-yield devices. Focused research is currently relating instability sources and degradation mechanisms with the operation conditions, including temperature, illumination, humidity, contaminants and interfacing materials. Although the overall scenario is brighter than years ago, reliable and long-lasting solutions to avoid back-reaction of perovskites to the starting byproducts and indeed to extend cell durability are under spotlight. For the market uptake, moreover, device architectures to be produced via simple and sequential steps, free of contaminants and at low environmental impact, are warmly encouraged to catch the interest of investors. The paper will thus frame strengths and weaknesses of hybrid perovskites for next-generation photovoltaics in view of their extended use and dissemination in daily life.

中文翻译：

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光伏用混合钙钛矿：故事，挑战与机遇

自2009年以来，有机无机杂化钙钛矿已成为光伏领域的一项科学突破，当时该技术被用于替代混合太阳能电池中的光敏染料。巨大的热情推动了进一步的发展，目前的最高效率达到24.2％。这类材料的特殊之处在于它们的柔软特性，以及光生载流子的长扩散长度，宽吸收范围和直接可调带隙。但是，杂化钙钛矿（主要为MAPbI3）的低结构稳定性可能会严重阻碍其在低成本/高产量设备中的广泛应用。目前，重点研究是将不稳定源和退化机理与运行条件相关联，包括温度，光照，湿度，污染物和界面材料。尽管总体情况比几年前要光明，但可靠和持久的解决方案已成为人们关注的焦点，这些解决方案可避免钙钛矿与起始副产物发生逆反应并确实延长电池的耐用性。此外，为了市场吸收，强烈建议通过简单且连续的步骤生产无污染且环境影响小的设备架构，以吸引投资者的兴趣。因此，鉴于它们在日常生活中的广泛使用和传播，将概述下一代钙钛矿杂化钙钛矿的优缺点。避免钙钛矿与起始副产物发生逆反应并确实延长电池耐用性的可靠且持久的解决方案已成为人们关注的焦点。此外，为了市场吸收，强烈建议通过简单且连续的步骤生产无污染且环境影响小的设备架构，以吸引投资者的兴趣。因此，鉴于它们在日常生活中的广泛使用和传播，将概述下一代钙钛矿杂化钙钛矿的优缺点。避免钙钛矿与起始副产物发生逆反应并确实延长电池耐用性的可靠且持久的解决方案已成为人们关注的焦点。此外，为了市场吸收，强烈建议通过简单且连续的步骤生产无污染且环境影响小的设备架构，以吸引投资者的兴趣。因此，鉴于它们在日常生活中的广泛使用和传播，将概述下一代钙钛矿杂化钙钛矿的优缺点。