Powdered and granulated activated carbons from babassu were submitted to alkaline treatment with 2 mol L–1 NaOH solution, washed with distilled water to pH 8 and dried. The prepared carbons were tested as catalysts in the Claisen–Schmidt reaction between acetophenone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde using methanol as solvent at room temperature for 24 h. Babassu granular carbon (BGC) and basic babassu granular carbon (BBGC) exhibited the highest conversions, of 69.26% and 66.59%, respectively. The kinetic study was carried out with BBGC, which led to values of kinetic constant k of 5.26 L mol–1 h–1 at 35 °C and 7.35 L mol–1 h–1 at 50 °C. The activation energy of the reaction was 18.91 kJ mol–1. This study proposes a second-order pseudo-homogeneous reaction catalyzed by BBGC. A continuous fixed-bed reactor operation was carried out with BBGC catalyst and the best conversion was 60% in 120 min using of 0.05 mol L–1 reactants concentration.

中文翻译：

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巴巴苏活性炭作为克莱森-施密特反应生产查耳酮的催化剂：动力学研究、机理建议和连续流床反应器

来自巴巴苏的粉状和颗粒状活性炭用 2 mol L-1 NaOH 溶液进行碱处理，用蒸馏水洗涤至 pH 值为 8 并干燥。制备的碳作为催化剂在苯乙酮和 4-硝基苯甲醛之间使用甲醇作为溶剂在室温下进行 24 小时的 Claisen-Schmidt 反应进行了测试。巴巴苏颗粒碳 (BGC) 和碱性巴巴苏颗粒碳 (BBGC) 的转化率最高，分别为 69.26% 和 66.59%。动力学研究是用 BBGC 进行的，这导致动力学常数 k 在 35 °C 下为 5.26 L mol–1 h–1，在 50 °C 下为 7.35 L mol–1 h–1。反应活化能为 18.91 kJ mol-1。该研究提出了一种由 BBGC 催化的二级拟均相反应。