Attachment is a concept that was developed and researched in developmental psychology in uptake of findings on filial imprinting from ethology. In the present period, however, attachment concepts are increasingly applied to and investigated in animal research, thereby translating back criteria that were established for human infants. It herein appears that findings on filial imprinting are becoming more and more forgotten, whilst basic findings in human infants are not reflected in investigations on attachment in animals. To re-integrate both domains, the present article undertakes the effort in briefly reviewing and recapitulating basic findings in human attachment and recent research on filial imprinting. In specific, replicated were critical roles of the conversion of thyroid prohormone by 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2) into triiodothyronine (T₃) in the regulation of the timing of imprinting learning. Because of the interactions of T₃ with oxytocinergic and dopaminergic neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, these findings provide new neuroendocrinological insight for possible relations with both attachment and metabolic sequelae of early life stress. Necessary is a mutual integration of all recent advances in the yet separated fields.

依恋是在发展心理学中发展起来并进行研究的概念，目的是吸收人类行为学对孝子烙印的发现。然而，在当前时期，依恋概念越来越多地应用于动物研究并在动物研究中得到研究，从而回溯了为人类婴儿建立的标准。在这里看来，关于孝子印记的发现变得越来越被遗忘，而人类婴儿的基本发现并没有反映在对动物的依恋调查中。为了重新整合这两个领域，本文致力于简要回顾和概括人类依恋的基本发现以及有关孝子烙印的最新研究。具体来说，₃）在烙印学习时间的调节上。由于T ₃与下丘脑室旁核的催产素能和多巴胺能神经元的相互作用，这些发现为早期生命压力的依恋和代谢后遗症的可能关系提供了新的神经内分泌学见解。必须将尚未分离的领域中的所有最新进展相互融合。