Globally, iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency and the most common cause of anaemia during pregnancy. To date, there is lack of established studies investigating factors associated with iron status during pregnancy in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the associations of obstetrical characteristics and dietary intakes with iron status among pregnant women attending selected health clinics in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur.,A cross-sectional study was conducted among 436 third-trimester pregnant women aged 18–40 years, from six selected health clinics in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Data on obstetrical characteristics were extracted from the antenatal medical records. Dietary intakes were assessed using an adapted semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire via face-to-face interview. Venous blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum ferritin (SF) using ADVIA Centaur analyser to determine iron status.,Approximately one in four of the pregnant women (25.9%) had iron deficiency, with mean SF of 33.35 ± 25.77µg/l. Factors associated with SF were parity (B = −3.048, p < 0.05), frequency of antenatal care visits (B = 1.456, p < 0.05), haemoglobin (Hb) (B = 3.890, p < 0.05), iron intake (B = 0.010, p < 0.05) and frequency of dietary iron supplementation consumption (B = 3.333, p < 0.05). Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that dietary factors were significantly associated with SF, after accounting for the obstetrical characteristics.,Besides obstetrical factors, the findings emphasised the importance of dietary factors on iron status during pregnancy. Nutrition consultation service particularly on the sources of iron intake and compliance towards dietary iron supplementation shall be provided to all pregnant women.

中文翻译：

---

雪兰莪和吉隆坡孕妇的产科特征和膳食摄入量与铁状态的关联

在全球范围内，缺铁是最常见的营养缺乏症，也是孕期贫血的最常见原因。迄今为止，马来西亚缺乏调查与怀孕期间铁状态相关的因素的既定研究。因此，本研究旨在确定在雪兰莪州和吉隆坡的特定健康诊所就诊的孕妇的产科特征和膳食摄入量与铁状态之间的关联。一项横断面研究在 436 名 18-40 岁的孕晚期孕妇中进行年，来自雪兰莪州和吉隆坡的六个选定的健康诊所。从产前医疗记录中提取产科特征数据。通过面对面的访谈，使用经过调整的半定量食物频率问卷评估膳食摄入量。收集静脉血样本以使用 ADVIA Centaur 分析仪测量血清铁蛋白 (SF) 以确定铁状态。大约四分之一 (25.9%) 的孕妇缺铁，平均 SF 为 33.35 ± 25.77 µg/l . 与 SF 相关的因素是胎次 (B = -3.048, p < 0.05)、产前检查的频率 (B = 1.456, p < 0.05)、血红蛋白 (Hb) (B = 3.890, p < 0.05)、铁摄入量 (B = 0.010, p < 0.05) 和膳食铁补充消耗的频率 (B = 3.333, p < 0.05)。分层线性回归分析显示，在考虑产科特征后，饮食因素与SF显着相关。除了产科因素外，研究结果还强调了饮食因素对孕期铁状态的重要性。