Composite panels are widely used as structural members due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. In order to reduce further weight, cutouts or notches are introduced in these members. These cutouts also serve utility requirements such as man-holes for purpose of service as well as for passing electric or fuel lines. An aircraft wing rib is a typical example of such a composite panel. Even while composites with holes or cutouts provide great savings in weight compared to metallic structures, the presence of holes itself leads to strength reduction. The reduction in strength is due to the concentration of stress around the vicinity of the hole while the structure is under loading. Different-sized and shaped holes/cut-outs are used in composites structural members, which may serve for different purposes. They, in turn, introduce their own versions of stress concentrations effects in such members leading to weakening of the structure. The stress concentration effect in fibre composites also depends on other factors like fibre orientation, fibre material, matrix material, etc. Loading can also influence stress concentration. This review pursues vast research done in this area and attempts to compare and summarise the diverse findings for designers to obtain a comprehensive concept on stress concentration factor as an effective tool for composite structure design.

中文翻译：

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带孔/切口的纤维复合板应力集中研究综述

复合板因其高强度重量比而被广泛用作结构构件。为了进一步减轻重量，在这些构件中引入了切口或凹口。这些切口还满足公用设施要求，例如用于维修目的以及通过电力或燃料管线的人孔。飞机机翼肋是这种复合板的典型例子。即使与金属结构相比，带有孔或切口的复合材料可以大大减轻重量，但孔的存在本身会导致强度降低。强度的降低是由于在结构承受载荷时应力集中在孔附近。不同尺寸和形状的孔/切口用于复合材料结构构件，可用于不同目的。他们反过来，在这些构件中引入他们自己版本的应力集中效应，导致结构减弱。纤维复合材料中的应力集中效应还取决于其他因素，如纤维取向、纤维材料、基体材料等。载荷也会影响应力集中。本综述在该领域进行了大量研究，并试图比较和总结不同的发现，以便设计师获得关于应力集中因子的综合概念，作为复合结构设计的有效工具。