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Drought-mediated changes in black-tailed prairie dog colonies in the Northern Great Plains
Journal of Mammalogy ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-23 , DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa070
Jason E Bruggeman 1 , Daniel S Licht 2
Affiliation  

Populations of many mammal species living in grassland ecosystems across North America have been reduced greatly over the past 200 years due to conversion of native prairie to human-related uses. Foremost among these species is the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), populations of which have declined an estimated 98% during that time. In addition to anthropogenic factors including plague, black-tailed prairie dog populations can vary in size in response to grazing by native ungulates, fire, and precipitation. Colonies in the Northern Great Plains have expanded and contracted during dry and wet periods, respectively. Drought reduces vegetation height; tall vegetation is known to limit colony expansion, possibly due to increased predation risk. We used mixed-effects models to analyze data sets of colony areas of black-tailed prairie dogs spanning 16–22 years and 983 total colony counts, from 142 unique colonies at Badlands National Park and Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, United States, and Scotts Bluff National Monument, Nebraska, United States, to relate areal dynamics of colonies over time to total annual precipitation, drought stress, and plague. We also analyzed the relationship between active-burrow densities and precipitation and drought stress using 7 years of data from 271 colony counts at Badlands National Park. Black-tailed prairie dog colonies expanded in response to drought conditions in all three national parks, with colonies in Wind Cave National Park exhibiting a time-delayed response. In addition, colony area was negatively related to total accumulated precipitation for the preceding 12 months for Scotts Bluff National Monument. Active-burrow density at Badlands National Park decreased in response to drought stress with a time lag of 24–36 months. Plague first was reported at Badlands National Park in 2008 and colony areas decreased dramatically and rapidly during plague epizootic events. Our results support observations that black-tailed prairie dog colonies in the Northern Great Plains expand and contract in response to drought stress and wet weather. Furthermore, our findings provide new insights into the role of climate on a keystone species of conservation importance and demonstrate the value of collecting long-term ecological data.

中文翻译:

大平原北部黑尾土拨鼠群落干旱介导的变化

在过去的 200 年中,由于本土草原转为人类相关用途,生活在北美草原生态系统中的许多哺乳动物物种的数量已大大减少。这些物种中最重要的是黑尾草原土拨鼠(Cynomys ludovicianus),在此期间,其种群数量估计下降了 98%。除了包括瘟疫在内的人为因素外,黑尾草原土拨鼠种群的大小也会因本地有蹄类动物的放牧、火灾和降水而发生变化。大平原北部的殖民地分别在旱季和雨季扩张和收缩。干旱降低了植被高度;众所周知,高大的植被会限制种群扩张,这可能是由于捕食风险增加。我们使用混合效应模型分析了来自美国南达科他州恶地国家公园和风洞国家公园的 142 个独特殖民地的跨越 16-22 年的黑尾土拨鼠殖民地区域的数据集和 983 个总殖民地计数,和美国内布拉斯加州的 Scotts Bluff 国家纪念碑,将殖民地的区域动态随时间的变化与年总降水量、干旱压力和瘟疫联系起来。我们还使用来自 Badlands 国家公园 271 个殖民地数量的 7 年数据分析了活跃洞穴密度与降水和干旱胁迫之间的关系。黑尾草原土拨鼠在所有三个国家公园都因干旱条件而扩大,风洞国家公园的殖民地表现出延时反应。此外,殖民地面积与 Scotts Bluff 国家纪念碑前 12 个月的总累积降水量呈负相关。荒地国家公园的活跃洞穴密度因干旱胁迫而下降,时滞为 24-36 个月。2008 年,荒地国家公园首次报告了瘟疫,在瘟疫流行期间,殖民地面积急剧减少。我们的结果支持观察结果,即大平原北部的黑尾土拨鼠群会因干旱压力和潮湿天气而扩张和收缩。此外,我们的发现为气候对具有保护重要性的关键物种的作用提供了新的见解,并证明了收集长期生态数据的价值。荒地国家公园的活跃洞穴密度因干旱胁迫而下降,时滞为 24-36 个月。2008 年,荒地国家公园首次报告了瘟疫,在瘟疫流行期间,殖民地面积急剧减少。我们的结果支持观察结果,即大平原北部的黑尾土拨鼠群会因干旱压力和潮湿天气而扩张和收缩。此外,我们的发现为气候对具有保护重要性的关键物种的作用提供了新的见解,并证明了收集长期生态数据的价值。荒地国家公园的活跃洞穴密度因干旱胁迫而下降,时滞为 24-36 个月。2008 年,荒地国家公园首次报告了瘟疫,在瘟疫流行期间,殖民地面积急剧减少。我们的结果支持观察结果,即大平原北部的黑尾土拨鼠群会因干旱压力和潮湿天气而扩张和收缩。此外,我们的发现为气候对具有保护重要性的关键物种的作用提供了新的见解,并证明了收集长期生态数据的价值。我们的结果支持观察结果,即大平原北部的黑尾土拨鼠群会因干旱压力和潮湿天气而扩张和收缩。此外,我们的发现为气候对具有保护重要性的关键物种的作用提供了新的见解,并证明了收集长期生态数据的价值。我们的结果支持观察结果,即大平原北部的黑尾土拨鼠群会因干旱压力和潮湿天气而扩张和收缩。此外,我们的发现为气候对具有保护重要性的关键物种的作用提供了新的见解,并证明了收集长期生态数据的价值。
更新日期:2020-07-23
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