Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz (Leguminosae) is a valuable native species in Argentina included in the Prosopis Management Programme. Natural provenances show important height and shape differentiation throughout their distribution in the Monte Desert. The availability of progeny trials provides an opportunity to quantify genetic differentiation among provenances and test the relative importance of demographic vs adaptive processes on morphological variation. We quantified both genetic and quantitative differentiation of neutral markers and five economically important traits, respectively, among four provenances in a provenance-progeny trial. We aimed to quantify the genetic basis of variations in height, basal diameter, tree shape, spine length and biomass. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) economically important traits have significant heritability, and (2) the phenotypic variation among provenances is the result of local adaptation to particular environmental conditions. Our results indicate that most morphological variation was found among individuals within families (~95 per cent). The h² estimates were heterogeneous among traits and ranged from low (0 for number of stems) to moderate (0.22 and 0.28 for spine length and biomass, respectively). Variance among families (~5 per cent) was evenly distributed within and among provenances. Morphological differentiation among provenances was low, but significant, and could be attributed mainly to individuals from Villa Unión. Based on molecular markers, genetic differentiation among provenances was low and significant (F_ST = 0.03; P = 5 × 10⁻⁴) but was able to differentiate the groups from Villa Unión, Fiambalá and Mogna-Chilecito. Neutrality tests were conducted using the F_ST–Q_ST test and D_JSOST and δ_GREGORIUS alternative coefficients of differentiation. Neutrality tests yielded no evidence of local adaptation and were rather consistent in showing a trend toward stabilizing selection, particularly for spine length. The selection strategy for breeding programmes should depend on the trait to be improved and should consider both provenance and familiar information. Considering an intra-familiar ranking is encouraged in order to maximize the genetic gain. Additionally, in order to recover germplasm provenance diversity, based on morphological and microsatellite results, our recommendation would be to include seeds from individuals from at least the Villa Unión, Fiambalá and Mogna-Chilecito areas.

中文翻译：

---

S.prosopis chilensis（Leguminosae）的后代试验中SSR标记的遗传方差分布和具有经济意义的定量性状：对“ Algarrobo”管理计划的影响

阿根廷Prosopis chilensis（Molina）Stuntz（Leguminosae）是阿根廷宝贵的本地物种，被列入Prosopis管理计划。自然物产在整个蒙特沙漠分布中显示出重要的高度和形状差异。后代试验的可用性提供了一个机会，可以量化种源之间的遗传差异，并测试人口统计学与形态变异的自适应过程。在源-后代试验中，我们分别对四个源中的中性标记物和五个经济上重要的性状进行了遗传和定量分化。我们旨在量化身高，基础直径，树形，脊柱长度和生物量变化的遗传基础。测试了两个假设：（1）具有重要经济意义的性状具有遗传力，（2）种源之间的表型变异是局部适应特定环境条件的结果。我们的结果表明，大多数形态变异是在家庭内部的个体中发现的（〜95％）。该^ h ²性状之间的估计值是异质的，范围从低（茎数为0）到中度（脊柱长度和生物量分别为0.22和0.28）。家庭之间的差异（约5％）在种源内和种源之间平均分配。种源之间的形态学差异很低，但很明显，并且可能主要归因于VillaUnión的个体。根据分子标记，种源之间的遗传分化低而显着（F _ST  = 0.03；P  = 5×10 ^-4），但能够区分维拉尤尼翁，菲亚姆巴拉和莫尼亚-奇莱西托。中性测试使用F _ST –Q _ST测试和D _JSOST进行和_δGREGORIUS替代微分系数。中性测试没有显示出局部适应的证据，并且在显示稳定选择趋势（尤其是对于脊柱长度）方面相当一致。育种计划的选择策略应取决于待改良的性状，并应考虑出处和熟悉的信息。为了最大程度地提高遗传增益，鼓励考虑进行家族内排名。另外，为了恢复种质来源多样性，基于形态和微卫星结果，我们的建议是包括来自至少VillaUnión，Fiambalá和Mogna-Chilecito地区的个体的种子。