We apply field–particle correlations – a technique that tracks the time-averaged velocity-space structure of the energy density transfer rate between electromagnetic fields and plasma particles – to data drawn from a hybrid Vlasov–Maxwell simulation of Alfvén-ion cyclotron turbulence. Energy transfer in this system is expected to include both Landau and cyclotron wave–particle resonances, unlike previous systems to which the field–particle correlation technique has been applied. In this simulation, the energy transfer rate mediated by the parallel electric field $E_{\Vert }$ comprises approximately 60 % of the total rate, with the remainder mediated by the perpendicular electric field $E_{\bot }$ . The parallel electric field resonantly couples to protons, with the canonical bipolar velocity-space signature of Landau damping identified at many points throughout the simulation. The energy transfer mediated by $E_{\bot }$ preferentially couples to particles with $v_{tp}\lesssim v_{\bot }\lesssim 3v_{tp}$ , where $v_{tp}$ is the proton thermal speed, in agreement with the expected formation of a cyclotron diffusion plateau. Our results demonstrate clearly that the field–particle correlation technique can distinguish distinct channels of energy transfer using single-point measurements, even at points in which multiple channels act simultaneously, and can be used to determine quantitatively the rates of particle energization in each channel.

中文翻译：

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使用场-粒子相关性诊断无碰撞能量转移：阿尔文离子回旋加速器湍流

我们将场-粒子相关性（一种跟踪电磁场和等离子体粒子之间能量密度传递率的时间平均速度-空间结构的技术）应用于从 Alfvén 离子回旋加速器湍流的混合 Vlasov-Maxwell 模拟中提取的数据。该系统中的能量转移预计将包括朗道和回旋波粒子共振，这与之前应用场粒子相关技术的系统不同。在这个模拟中，由平行电场介导的能量传输率 $E_{\垂直}$ 约占总速率的 60%，其余由垂直电场介导 $E_{\bot }$ . 平行电场与质子共振耦合，在整个模拟过程中的许多点都识别出朗道阻尼的典型双极速度空间特征。介导的能量转移 $E_{\bot }$ 优先与粒子耦合 $v_{tp}\lesssim v_{\bot }\lesssim 3v_{tp}$ ， 在哪里 $v_{tp}$ 是质子热速度，与回旋加速器扩散平台的预期形成一致。我们的结果清楚地表明，场 - 粒子相关技术可以使用单点测量来区分不同的能量传递通道，即使在多个通道同时作用的点上，也可以用于定量确定每个通道中的粒子激励速率。