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Tutorial: a guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses.
Nature Protocols ( IF 14.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 , DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0353-1
Shing Wan Choi 1, 2 , Timothy Shin-Heng Mak 3 , Paul F O'Reilly 1, 2
Affiliation  

A polygenic score (PGS) or polygenic risk score (PRS) is an estimate of an individual’s genetic liability to a trait or disease, calculated according to their genotype profile and relevant genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. While present PRSs typically explain only a small fraction of trait variance, their correlation with the single largest contributor to phenotypic variation—genetic liability—has led to the routine application of PRSs across biomedical research. Among a range of applications, PRSs are exploited to assess shared etiology between phenotypes, to evaluate the clinical utility of genetic data for complex disease and as part of experimental studies in which, for example, experiments are performed that compare outcomes (e.g., gene expression and cellular response to treatment) between individuals with low and high PRS values. As GWAS sample sizes increase and PRSs become more powerful, PRSs are set to play a key role in research and stratified medicine. However, despite the importance and growing application of PRSs, there are limited guidelines for performing PRS analyses, which can lead to inconsistency between studies and misinterpretation of results. Here, we provide detailed guidelines for performing and interpreting PRS analyses. We outline standard quality control steps, discuss different methods for the calculation of PRSs, provide an introductory online tutorial, highlight common misconceptions relating to PRS results, offer recommendations for best practice and discuss future challenges.



中文翻译:

教程:执行多基因风险评分分析的指南。

多基因评分 (PGS) 或多基因风险评分 (PRS) 是根据个体的基因型概况和相关的全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 数据计算的个体对某种性状或疾病的遗传倾向的估计。虽然目前的 PRS 通常只能解释一小部分性状变异,但它们与表型变异的最大贡献者(遗传责任)的相关性导致 PRS 在生物医学研究中的常规应用。在一系列应用中,PRS 被用来评估表型之间的共同病因,评估复杂疾病的遗传数据的临床效用,并作为实验研究的一部分,例如,进行比较结果的实验​​(例如,基因表达和细胞对治疗的反应)在具有低和高 PRS 值的个体之间。随着 GWAS 样本量的增加和 PRS 变得更加强大,PRS 将在研究和分层医学中发挥关键作用。然而,尽管 PRS 的重要性和日益增长的应用,执行 PRS 分析的指南有限,这可能导致研究之间的不一致和对结果的误解。在这里,我们提供了执行和解释 PRS 分析的详细指南。我们概述了标准质量控制步骤,讨论了计算 PRS 的不同方法,提供了介绍性在线教程,强调了与 PRS 结果相关的常见误解,提供了最佳实践建议并讨论了未来的挑战。尽管 PRS 的重要性和日益广泛的应用,但执行 PRS 分析的指南有限,这可能导致研究之间的不一致和对结果的误解。在这里,我们提供了执行和解释 PRS 分析的详细指南。我们概述了标准质量控制步骤,讨论了计算 PRS 的不同方法,提供了介绍性在线教程,强调了与 PRS 结果相关的常见误解,提供了最佳实践建议并讨论了未来的挑战。尽管 PRS 的重要性和日益广泛的应用,但执行 PRS 分析的指南有限,这可能导致研究之间的不一致和对结果的误解。在这里,我们提供了执行和解释 PRS 分析的详细指南。我们概述了标准质量控制步骤,讨论了计算 PRS 的不同方法,提供了介绍性在线教程,强调了与 PRS 结果相关的常见误解,提供了最佳实践建议并讨论了未来的挑战。

更新日期:2020-07-24
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