Digestion‐resistant starch (RS) can provide health benefits to the host via gut microbiome‐mediated metabolism. This study tested the physiological effects on healthy dogs of identically formulated foods processed under high (n = 16) or low (n = 16) shear extrusion conditions resulting in respective lower and higher levels of RS. Faecal samples collected at weeks 3 and 6 were assayed for stool score, proximate analysis, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and microbiome; faecal metabolome was characterized at week 6. Proximate and digestibility analyses of the foods and stool scores and stool proximate analysis showed few differences between the two shear methods except for increased apparent fibre digestibility in the low shear food. In contrast, levels of butyrate (p = .030) and total SCFA (p = .043) were significantly greater in faeces at week 6 from dogs who consumed the low versus high shear food. Faecal IgA levels were significantly higher at week 3 (p = .001) but not week 6 (p = .110) in the low shear food. Significant differences in 166 metabolites between consumption of the two foods were identified via faecal metabolomic analysis, with changes in sugars, bile acids, advanced glycation end products and few amino acids. Strikingly, consumption of the low shear food resulted in elevated levels of the reduced members of redox couples derived from metabolized sugars and branched‐chain and phenyl amino acids. Alpha diversity of the microbiome showed significantly higher species richness in faeces from the low shear group at week 6, though other measures of diversity were similar for both foods. Twelve genus‐level operational taxonomic units (OTU; half Firmicutes) significantly differed between the food types. Six OTU significantly correlated with RS‐derived sugars and ratios of the redox couples. Taken together, these data show that RS impacts microbiome‐mediated metabolism in the gut, resulting in changes in the reducing state.

中文翻译：

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在低剪切力和高剪切力下挤出的配方相同的食物的食用表明，微生物组氧化还原比随犬免疫球蛋白A的产生而增加。

抗消化淀粉（RS）可以通过肠道微生物组介导的代谢为宿主提供健康益处。这项研究测试了相同配方食品在高（n  = 16）或低（n = 16）剪切挤压条件导致各自较低和较高的RS水平。在第3和第6周收集的粪便样品进行粪便评分，近程分析，短链脂肪酸（SCFA），免疫球蛋白A（IgA）和微生物组分析。在第6周对粪便代谢组进行了表征。食品，大便评分和大便接近分析的近期和消化率分析表明，两种剪切方法之间的差异不大，除了低剪切食物中表观纤维的消化率提高外。相比之下， 在第6周时，进食低剪切食物与高剪切食物的狗的粪便中丁酸盐（p  = .030）和总SCFA（p = .043）的水平明显更高。粪便IgA水平在第3周显着升高（p = .001），但不是第6周（p = .110）。通过粪便代谢组学分析，发现两种食物在166种代谢产物之间存在显着差异，其中糖，胆汁酸，高级糖基化终产物和少量氨基酸发生了变化。令人吃惊的是，食用低剪切食物会导致源自代谢糖，支链和苯基氨基酸的氧化还原对的还原成员水平升高。在第6周时，低剪切组的粪便中微生物组的α多样性显示出较高的物种丰富度，尽管两种食物的其他多样性度量均相似。十二种属级操作分类单位（OTU；半硬毛虫）在两种食物之间存在显着差异。六个OTU与RS衍生的糖和氧化还原对的比率显着相关。在一起