Cover crop (CC) impacts on soil ecosystem services including erosion control, C sequestration, soil productivity, and others have been reviewed. However, CC impacts on soil physical properties, which affect the soil's ability to perform a variety of soil ecosystem services, have not been synthesized. We reviewed 98 peer‐reviewed publications up to 10 June 2020 on CCs and soil physical properties. Our review indicates that, in most studies, CCs reduce soil penetration resistance or compaction by 0–29% (average, 5%). They improve wet aggregate stability by 0–95% (average, 16%) and cumulative infiltration by 0–190% (average, 43%) but have negligible impacts on bulk density, dry aggregate stability, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat), unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K_unsat), volumetric water content at −10 to −33 kPa matric potential (field capacity), and plant available water. Soils under CCs can be cooler in daytime and warmer at nighttime, and warmer in winter and cooler in the rest of year. Volumetric heat capacity increases and thermal diffusivity decreases, indicating that CCs could moderate heat transport rate. Soil texture, tillage system, CC‐derived soil C concentration, and CC duration affect CC impacts on physical properties. For example, the positive impacts from CCs can increase as CC management duration increases and combining CCs with no‐till can improve water infiltration more than with tilled soils. Long‐term data on hydraulic properties, thermal properties, dry aggregate stability, and pore‐size distribution are scant. In general, CCs improve most soil physical properties, but the magnitude of improvement is highly site‐ and management specific.

中文翻译：

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覆盖作物对土壤物理性质的影响：综述

覆盖作物（CC）对土壤生态系统服务的影响包括侵蚀控制，固碳，土壤生产力等。但是，CC对土壤物理特性的影响尚未综合，影响了土壤执行各种土壤生态系统服务的能力。截至2020年6月10日，我们审查了98篇关于CC和土壤物理性质的同行评审出版物。我们的评论表明，在大多数研究中，CC降低了土壤渗透阻力或压实度0-29％（平均5％）。它们将湿骨料的稳定性提高了0–95％（平均16％），将累积入渗量提高了0–190％（平均43％），但对堆积密度，干骨料稳定性，饱和水导率（K _sat），非饱和导水率（K_不满意），-10至-33 kPa基质势（田间持水量）下的体积水含量和植物可用水。CCs下的土壤白天白天较凉，晚上则较暖，冬天则较暖，而其余月份则较冷。体积热容量增加而热扩散率降低，表明CC可以调节热传输速率。土壤质地，耕作制度，CC衍生的土壤碳浓度和CC持续时间影响CC对物理性质的影响。例如，CCs的积极影响会随着CCs管理持续时间的增加而增加，并且与耕作土壤相比，将CCs与免耕技术结合使用可以改善水的渗透。关于水力学性质，热性质，干骨料稳定性和孔径分布的长期数据很少。一般来说，CC可以改善大多数土壤的物理特性，