Non-steady-state (NSS) chamber techniques have been used for decades to measure nitrous oxide (N2 O) fluxes from agricultural soils. These techniques are widely used because they are relatively inexpensive, easy to adopt, versatile, and adaptable to varying conditions. Much of our current understanding of the drivers of N2 O emissions is based on studies using NSS chambers. These chamber techniques require decisions regarding multiple methodological aspects (e.g., chamber materials and geometry, deployment, sample analysis, and data and statistical analysis), each of which may significantly affect the results. Variation in methodological details can lead to challenges in comparing results between studies and assessment of reliability and uncertainty. Therefore, the New Zealand Government, in support of the objectives of the Livestock Research Group of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA), funded two international projects to, first, develop standardized guidelines on the use of NSS chamber techniques and, second, refine them based on the most up to date knowledge and methods. This introductory paper summarizes a collection of papers that represent the revised guidelines. Each article summarizes existing knowledge and provides guidance and minimum requirements on chamber design, deployment, sample collection, storage and analysis, automated chambers, flux calculations, statistical analysis, emission factor estimation and data reporting, modeling, and "gap-filling" approaches. The minimum requirements are not meant to be highly prescriptive but instead provide researchers with clear direction on best practices and factors that need to be considered. Health and safety considerations of NSS chamber techniques are also provided with this introductory paper.

中文翻译：

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全球研究联盟一氧化二氮室方法指南：介绍，以及健康和安全考虑

几十年来，非稳态 (NSS) 室技术一直用于测量农业土壤中的一氧化二氮 (N2 O) 通量。这些技术被广泛使用，因为它们相对便宜、易于采用、通用且能适应不同的条件。我们目前对 N2 O 排放驱动因素的大部分理解是基于使用 NSS 室的研究。这些腔室技术需要关于多个方法学方面（例如腔室材料和几何形状、部署、样本分析以及数据和统计分析）的决策，每个方面都可能显着影响结果。方法细节的差异可能导致比较研究之间的结果以及可靠性和不确定性评估的挑战。因此，新西兰政府，为支持全球农业温室气体研究联盟 (GRA) 畜牧研究小组的目标，资助了两个国际项目，首先制定关于使用 NSS 室技术的标准化指南，其次根据最新的知识和方法。这篇介绍性论文总结了一系列代表修订后的指南的论文。每篇文章都总结了现有知识，并提供了关于腔室设计、部署、样本收集、存储和分析、自动化腔室、通量计算、统计分析、排放因子估计和数据报告、建模和“填补空白”方法的指导和最低要求。最低要求并不意味着具有很强的规范性，而是为研究人员提供关于最佳实践和需要考虑的因素的明确方向。本介绍性论文还提供了 NSS 腔室技术的健康和安全考虑因素。