Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong metabolic disease that requires frequent subcutaneous injections of insulin. However, this method of administration can be associated with patient discomfort and local tissue infection. Oral delivery of insulin has been pursued as a more convenient method for diabetes treatment, given its likely superior patient compliance and convenience as well as cost‐effectiveness. However, various biological barriers hinder the clinical translation of oral insulin. The rapid development of nanotechnology over the last decade offers great promise in improving the bioavailability of oral insulin. This Minireview provides an overview of biological barriers to oral insulin delivery, summarizes significant technological advances, and outlines future perspectives in oral insulin formulations as well as their hypoglycaemic effects.

中文翻译：

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口服胰岛素输送平台：解决生物壁垒的策略。

糖尿病是终身代谢性疾病，需要经常皮下注射胰岛素。但是，这种给药方法可能与患者不适和局部组织感染有关。口服胰岛素一直被认为是一种更方便的糖尿病治疗方法，因为它可能具有更好的患者依从性和便利性以及成本效益。但是，各种生物学障碍阻碍了口服胰岛素的临床翻译。在过去的十年中，纳米技术的迅速发展为改善口服胰岛素的生物利用度提供了广阔的前景。本Minireview概述了口服胰岛素输送的生物学障碍，总结了重大的技术进步，并概述了口服胰岛素制剂的未来观点及其降血糖作用。