Abstract Membrane distillation (MD) has shown promise for desalination of produced water (PW), but there are very few studies reported on the performance of MD with real PW and the characteristics of the fouling and scaling in MD. Among different MD configurations, sweeping gas MD (SGMD) is the least studied configuration. Here we report the application of SGMD for treating high-salinity PW (123 g L−1). The SGMD operating conditions were first carefully optimized through pure water MD experiments by varying operating conditions. The flux evaluation was accompanied by a detailed Aspen Custom Modeler simulation based on the electrolyte-NRTL thermodynamic model to better understand the heat and mass transfer in the feed and permeate channel. Supported by experiments, modeling results confirmed the partial condensation of the vapor in the permeate channel. Additionally, it was concluded that the saturation of the sweeping gas is controlling the overall mass transfer through the membrane. Selected membranes and optimized conditions were then used to conduct short-term and long-term performance tests with PW. In long-term MD test, the concentration of the PW increased by a factor of two (50% water recovery), while the membrane exhibited small flux decline. Elemental analysis showed that strontium and sodium were the major scalant compounds.

中文翻译：

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吹扫气膜蒸馏处理采出水的性能：建模与实验

摘要 膜蒸馏 (MD) 已在采出水 (PW) 脱盐方面显示出前景，但关于 MD 与真实 PW 的性能以及 MD 中的污垢和结垢特征的研究很少。在不同的 MD 配置中，吹扫气 MD (SGMD) 是研究最少的配置。在这里，我们报告了 SGMD 在处理高盐度 PW (123 g L-1) 中的应用。SGMD 操作条件首先通过纯水 MD 实验通过改变操作条件进行仔细优化。通量评估伴随着基于电解质-NRTL 热力学模型的详细 Aspen Custom Modeler 模拟，以更好地了解进料和渗透通道中的传热和传质。在实验的支持下，建模结果证实了渗透通道中蒸汽的部分冷凝。此外，还得出结论，吹扫气体的饱和度控制着通过膜的整体传质。然后使用选定的膜和优化条件对 PW 进行短期和长期性能测试。在长期 MD 测试中，PW 的浓度增加了两倍（50% 的水回收率），而膜的通量下降很小。元素分析表明锶和钠是主要的结垢化合物。在长期 MD 测试中，PW 的浓度增加了两倍（50% 的水回收率），而膜的通量下降很小。元素分析表明锶和钠是主要的结垢化合物。在长期 MD 测试中，PW 的浓度增加了两倍（50% 的水回收率），而膜的通量下降很小。元素分析表明锶和钠是主要的结垢化合物。