Abstract We present a new systems model that encompasses both environmental and socioeconomic outcomes to simulate impacts of organic resource use on livelihoods of smallholder farmers in low to middle income countries. It includes impacts on soils, which in many countries are degrading with long term loss of organic matter. Many farmers have easy access to animal manures that could be used to increase soil organic matter, but this precious resource is often diverted to other purposes, such as fuels, also resulting in loss of the nutrients needed for crop production. This model simulates impacts of different management options on soil organic matter turnover, availability of water and nutrients, crop and animal production, water and energy use, labour requirements and household income and expenditure. An evaluation and example application from India are presented and used to illustrate the importance of considering the whole farm system when developing recommendations to help farmers improve their soils.

中文翻译：

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描述有机资源使用对中低收入国家农户影响的系统模型

摘要 我们提出了一个新的系统模型，它包含环境和社会经济结果，以模拟有机资源使用对中低收入国家小农生计的影响。它包括对土壤的影响，土壤在许多国家随着有机物质的长期流失而退化。许多农民很容易获得可用于增加土壤有机质的动物粪便，但这种宝贵的资源往往被转用于其他用途，例如燃料，也会导致作物生产所需的养分流失。该模型模拟了不同管理选项对土壤有机质周转、水和养分的可用性、作物和动物生产、水和能源使用、劳动力需求以及家庭收入和支出的影响。