The experimental studies supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 17-01525, have been briefly reviewed. Processes of formation and decay of vortex structures on a water surface have been studied. Vortex motions in the liquid have been excited by gravity waves propagating on the surface in different directions. It has been shown that the process of formation and decay of the vorticity on the surface can be described by the sum of two mechanisms-Stokes’ drag and generation of a solenoidal flow by interacting nonlinear surface waves. It has been shown that the processes of formation and decay of vortex structures after the beginning (or end) of the wave excitation at times smaller than the time of viscous damping of the wave are due to changes in the wave system. The process of formation at times much larger than the time of viscous damping is due only to the nonlinear mechanism of generation of the vorticity, whereas the process of decay is due to viscous losses. In the intermediate time interval, the intense interaction of vortices leads to the redistribution of energy between different scales.

中文翻译：

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液体表面涡旋运动的形成和衰减（科学概要）

由俄罗斯科学基金会资助的实验研究，项目编号：17-01525，已作简要回顾。研究了水面上涡旋结构的形成和衰减过程。液体中的涡旋运动已通过在表面上沿不同方向传播的重力波激发。已经表明，表面涡旋的形成和衰减过程可以通过两种机制的总和来描述：斯托克斯的阻力和通过相互作用的非线性表面波产生螺线管流。已经表明，在小于波浪的粘性阻尼时间的时间，在波浪激励的开始（或结束）之后，涡旋结构的形成和衰减过程是由于波浪系统的变化引起的。形成过程有时远大于粘性阻尼时间，这仅是由于涡旋产生的非线性机制所致，而衰减过程是由于粘性损失所致。在中间时间间隔中，涡旋的强烈相互作用导致能量在不同尺度之间重新分配。