In this study, scale models of typical urban surfaces and two green infrastructures (concave grassland and porous pavement) were constructed, and two simulated rainfall intensities (low intensity was 0.3 mm/min with 25.4 mm depth, and high intensity was 0.6 mm/min with 42.0 mm) were utilized to investigate their runoff responses and the impacts of pervious surface positions and initial soil moisture on the runoff processes. Results indicated that impervious concrete surface exhibited a faster generation of runoff and with a runoff coefficient of 89%. Grassland surface represented that time to runoff was about 25 times than that of the impervious surface and recorded the smallest runoff coefficient of 34 and 53%. Compared with the impervious area, concave grassland was able to effectively delay time to runoff, while the porous pavement was able to significantly reduce runoff discharge and peak flow rate. A high rainfall intensity led to a reduction in time to runoff and an acceleration of runoff discharge and peak flow rate. Pervious surface under the lower side generated runoff at a slower rate, and registered a smaller runoff coefficient compared with the pervious surface under the upper side. The initial soil moisture and time to runoff had a significant negative correlation, and a positive correlation was found between the initial soil moisture and runoff coefficient. These findings facilitate a better understanding of runoff processes of urban surfaces and green infrastructures that may be able to help in better hydrology system design for mitigating urban flooding.

中文翻译：

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基于尺度模型的典型城市地表和两种绿色基础设施的降雨-径流响应试验研究

本研究构建了典型城市地表和两个绿色基础设施（凹形草地和多孔路面）的比例模型，以及两个模拟降雨强度（低强度为 0.3 mm/min，深度为 25.4 mm，高强度为 0.6 mm/min 42.0 毫米）被用来研究它们的径流响应以及透水表面位置和初始土壤湿度对径流过程的影响。结果表明，不透水混凝土表面表现出更快的径流产生，径流系数为89%。草地表面代表径流时间约为不透水表面的 25 倍，记录的最小径流系数为 34% 和 53%。与不透水面积相比，凹形草地能够有效延迟径流时间，而多孔路面能够显着减少径流排放和峰值流速。高降雨强度导致径流时间减少，径流流量和峰值流速加快。下侧下透水面产生径流的速度较慢，与上侧下透水面相比，径流系数较小。初始土壤水分与径流时间呈显着负相关，初始土壤水分与径流系数呈正相关。这些发现有助于更好地了解城市表面和绿色基础设施的径流过程，这些过程可能有助于更好地设计水文系统以减轻城市洪水。高降雨强度导致径流时间减少，径流流量和峰值流速加快。下侧下透水面产生径流的速度较慢，与上侧下透水面相比，径流系数较小。初始土壤水分与径流时间呈显着负相关，初始土壤水分与径流系数呈正相关。这些发现有助于更好地了解城市表面和绿色基础设施的径流过程，这些过程可能有助于更好地设计水文系统以减轻城市洪水。高降雨强度导致径流时间减少，径流流量和峰值流速加快。下侧下透水面产生径流的速度较慢，与上侧下透水面相比，径流系数较小。初始土壤水分与径流时间呈显着负相关，初始土壤水分与径流系数呈正相关。这些发现有助于更好地了解城市表面和绿色基础设施的径流过程，这些过程可能有助于更好地设计水文系统以减轻城市洪水。与上侧下的透水面相比，记录了较小的径流系数。初始土壤水分与径流时间呈显着负相关，初始土壤水分与径流系数呈正相关。这些发现有助于更好地了解城市表面和绿色基础设施的径流过程，这些过程可能有助于更好地设计水文系统以减轻城市洪水。与上侧下的透水面相比，记录了较小的径流系数。初始土壤水分与径流时间呈显着负相关，初始土壤水分与径流系数呈正相关。这些发现有助于更好地了解城市表面和绿色基础设施的径流过程，这些过程可能有助于更好地设计水文系统以减轻城市洪水。