Phytoliths from two different wheat species, Triticum monococcum and Triticum durum, known for their long-lasting significance to humans, were studied by a multi-analytical approach. Characterisation of phytoliths assisted in understanding their microstructure and behaviour after extraction from plants by the dry ashing and the wet ashing methods. The phytoliths extracted from different parts of the plant, namely the inflorescence and the stem-leaves, were characterised by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), elemental CHNS analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTGA) and scanning electron microscopy coupled by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The plants were cultivated at the same period and under the same climatic conditions in the Pella area, northern Greece. The mineralogical and chemical composition of the recovered phytoliths is controlled by the extraction method, strongly suggesting that comparison of phytoliths extracted from plants is meaningful only if the method of extraction remains the same. Physicochemical characteristics of fresh phytoliths extracted from plants provided useful information on the their preservation state after laboratory processing that may further contribute to the study of aged phytoliths in archaeological sites.

中文翻译：

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小麦生物矿物的多分析表征：提取方法对硅藻土矿物学和化学的影响

来自两种不同小麦品种的单子叶小麦（Triticum monococcum）和硬粒小麦（Triticum durum）通过对人类的长期研究而闻名，该研究通过多种分析方法进行了研究。通过干燥灰化和湿灰化方法从植物中提取植硅石，有助于了解其微结构和行为。通过光学显微镜，X射线衍射（XRD），傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱，能量色散X射线荧光光谱（）表征了从植物不同部位（即花序和茎叶）提取的植石体（ ED-XRF），元素CHNS分析，热重和差示热重分析（TGA-DTGA）以及通过能量色散光谱法（SEM / EDS）耦合的扫描电子显微镜。在希腊北部的佩拉地区，在相同的时期和相同的气候条件下种植了这些植物。回收的硅藻土的矿物学和化学组成由提取方法控制，这强烈表明，只有在提取方法保持相同的情况下，比较从植物中提取的硅藻土才有意义。从植物中提取的新鲜植物石的理化特性为实验室处理后的植物保存状态提供了有用的信息，这可能进一步有助于考古遗址中老化的植物石的研究。