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Emergence of regional cultural traditions during the Lower Palaeolithic: the case of Frosinone-Ceprano basin (Central Italy) at the MIS 11–10 transition
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s12520-020-01150-x
Marie-Hélène Moncel , Italo Biddittu , Giorgio Manzi , Barbara Saracino , Alison Pereira , Sébastien Nomade , Christine Hertler , Pierre Voinchet , Jean-Jacques Bahain

Decades of fieldwork in the Frosinone-Ceprano basin (Latin Valley, Latium, central Italy) have shed light on numerous open-air Lower Palaeolithic localities, delivering a human fossil calvarium, thousands of scattered faunal remains and a large collection of lithic industries, including core-and-flake type lithic series (mode 1) and Acheulean assemblages (mode 2). The continuously growing number of available geochronological data (obtained by 40Ar/39Ar on volcanic minerals, ESR/U-series on large mammal teeth and ESR on bleached fluvial quartz) allow today the construction of a reliable and precise chronological framework for the Lower Palaeolithic sites of this area of the Latin Valley. The archaeological horizons with bifaces all appear to belong to a relatively short Middle Pleistocene time range, between about 410 and 350 ka, coeval to the end of the interglacial MIS 11 and to the beginning of the following glacial MIS 10. The Acheulean tools are often associated with cores and flakes. Bifaces are mainly made on limestone, secondary flint and quartz. The archaeological corpus also yielded tools on fragments of large herbivore bones. Comparisons between technological strategies and palaeo-anthropological data at the global scale are now meaningful and enable us to decipher hominin behaviour at a more regional scale. Such careful work is becoming essential in the frame of the recent discoveries showing that the MIS 11–10 period was a pivotal period characterized by the appearance of several new archaeological features later associated with the Neanderthal lineage in Western Europe. We present here the first in-depth technological study of the Acheulean lithic corpus from the major archaeological sites from the Frosinone-Ceprano basin including the Campogrande localities (CG9 and CG10, intermediate and upper levels), Colle Avarone, Selvotta, Isoletta (level 4), Lademagne (upper and lower levels) and Masseria Castellone. For this work, we focus on biface shaping strategies and demonstrate technological features suggesting the existence of networks connecting the different human occupation sites. Technological data are compared with other penecontemporaneous Italian sites to discuss the hypotheses and characteristics of such early evidence of regionalization in Europe in this specific area of Central Italy. It seems to indicate that glacial conditions characterized by millennial rapid climatic oscillations could have been favourable to the development of specific vegetation propitious to human settlement in South-western Europe. European vegetation, as it drives the biomass availability for large herbivores, seems hence to have played a crucial role in the mobility and settlement of human groups.

中文翻译:

下旧石器时代区域文化传统的兴起:MIS 11-10过渡时期的弗罗西诺内-切普拉诺盆地(意大利中部)

Frosinone-Ceprano盆地(意大利中部的拉丁谷,拉提姆)的数十年野外工作揭示了许多下古石器时代的露天地点,提供了人类化石颅骨,成千上万个分散的动物遗体和大量的石器工业,包括芯-片型石器系列(模式1)和Acheulean组合(模式2)。可用的年代学数据不断增加(通过40 Ar / 39获得今天,借助火山矿物上的Ar,大型哺乳动物牙齿上的ESR / U系列和漂白河流石英上的ESR,现在可以为该拉丁美洲谷地区的下古石器时代遗址建造可靠而精确的年代顺序框架。具有双面性的考古视野似乎都属于相对较短的中更新世时间范围,介于约410和350 ka之间,与冰川间MIS 11的末尾和随后的冰川MIS 10的开始相当。Acheulean工具通常是与核和薄片相关。双面主要由石灰石,次生火石和石英制成。考古文集还在大型食草动物骨骼的碎片上产生了工具。现在,在全球范围内对技术策略与古人类学数据进行比较是有意义的,这使我们能够在更大的区域范围内破译人类行为。在最近的发现表明MIS 11-10时期是一个关键时期,这种细心的工作变得必不可少。MIS11-10时期是一个关键时期,其特征是后来出现了与西欧尼安德特人世系相关的几个新的考古特征。我们在此展示Frosinone-Ceprano盆地主要考古遗址中的Acheulean石器语料库的首次深入技术研究,包括Campogrande地区(CG9和CG10,中级和上级),Colle Avarone,Selvotta,Isoletta(4级) ),Lademagne(上下层)和Masseria Castellone。这项工作 我们专注于双面塑造策略并展示技术特征,表明存在连接不同人类占领点的网络。将技术数据与意大利其他近代时期的站点进行了比较,以讨论这种在意大利中部这一特定地区欧洲区域化的早期证据的假设和特征。似乎表明,以千年气候快速波动为特征的冰川条件可能有利于西南欧有利于人类居住的特定植被的发展。因此,欧洲植被驱动着大型草食动物的生物量供应,因此似乎在人类迁徙和定居中发挥了关键作用。
更新日期:2020-07-24
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