Abstract Until 30 years ago, only a limited number of bacterial and wild yeast species had been recognized as beer spoilers. However, the number of spoilage species have been rapidly increasing since then, reaching approximately 30 species for traditional beer categories. One trend is the continual emergence of new beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria. Many of these novel beer spoilage species are almost exclusively found in the brewing environments and are considered as beer-associated microorganisms. The second trend is the rise of strictly anaerobic beer spoilage bacteria, including Pectinatus and Megasphaera. Currently, close to 10 strictly anaerobic beer spoilage species have been reported. As a countermeasure, species-specific PCR systems have been adopted in breweries, and continually modified to keep up with the increasing number of beer spoilage species. Nevertheless, the circumstances are changing because of the rising trend of non-traditional beverages, as well as the rising use of non-traditional ingredients, in the brewing industry. These non-traditional beverages include non-alcoholic beers and flavored low alcoholic beverages, and spoilage species for these microbiologically unstable products are dramatically increasing in number. The conventional species-specific PCR can only handle the identification of 20–30 species of microorganisms, while novel methods that allow for a much broader microbial identification, such as DNA sequencing, are becoming more necessary. A few brewers are already evaluating the potential quality control applications of inexpensive third generation DNA sequencing technologies with the brewing industry.

中文翻译：

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酿酒工业中新腐败微生物的出现以及应对这一现象的微生物质量控制方法的发展——综述

摘要 直到 30 年前，只有有限数量的细菌和野生酵母被认为是啤酒破坏者。然而，自那时以来，腐败种类的数量迅速增加，传统啤酒类别达到约 30 种。一种趋势是不断出现新的啤酒腐败乳酸菌。许多这些新型啤酒腐败菌几乎只存在于酿造环境中，被认为是与啤酒相关的微生物。第二个趋势是严格厌氧啤酒腐败菌的兴起，包括 Pectinatus 和 Megasphaera。目前，已经报道了近 10 种严格厌氧啤酒腐败物种。作为对策，啤酒厂采用了物种特异性 PCR 系统，并不断修改以跟上越来越多的啤酒变质种类。然而，由于非传统饮料的上升趋势以及酿造行业使用非传统成分的增加，情况正在发生变化。这些非传统饮料包括无酒精啤酒和调味低度酒精饮料，这些微生物不稳定产品的腐败物种数量正在急剧增加。传统的物种特异性 PCR 只能处理 20-30 种微生物的鉴定，而允许更广泛微生物鉴定的新方法，如 DNA 测序，正变得越来越必要。