This work briefly surveys the diversity of selected subcellular characteristics in hyphal tip cells of the fungal kingdom (Mycota). Hyphae are filamentous cells that grow by tip extension. It is a highly polarised mechanism that requires a robust secretory system for the delivery of materials (e.g. membrane, proteins, cell wall materials) to sites of cell growth. These events result it the self‐assembly of a Spitzenkörper (Spk), found most often in the Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Blastocladiomycota, or an apical vesicle crescent (AVC), present in the most Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota. The Spk is a complex apical body composed of secretory vesicles, cytoskeletal elements, and signaling proteins. The AVC appears less complex, though little is known of its composition other than secretory vesicles. Both bodies influence hyphal growth and morphogenesis. Other factors such as cytoskeletal functions, endocytosis, cytoplasmic flow, and turgor pressure are also important in sustaining hyphal growth. Clarifying subcellular structures, functions, and behaviours through bioimagining analysis are providing a better understanding of the cell biology and phylogenetic relationships of fungi.

中文翻译：

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真菌菌丝的亚细胞结构和行为

这项工作简要调查了真菌界 (Mycota) 菌丝尖端细胞中选定亚细胞特征的多样性。菌丝是通过尖端延伸生长的丝状细胞。它是一种高度极化的机制，需要强大的分泌系统将材料（例如膜、蛋白质、细胞壁材料）输送到细胞生长部位。这些事件导致了 Spitzenkörper (Spk) 的自组装，最常见于担子菌门、子囊菌门和芽枝菌门，或出现在大多数毛霉菌门和 Zoopagomycota 中的顶囊泡新月体 (AVC)。Spk 是一个复杂的顶端体，由分泌囊泡、细胞骨架元件和信号蛋白组成。AVC 看起来不那么复杂，尽管除分泌囊泡外对其组成知之甚少。两个机构都影响菌丝生长和形态发生。其他因素如细胞骨架功能、内吞作用、细胞质流动和膨压对维持菌丝生长也很重要。通过生物成像分析阐明亚细胞结构、功能和行为有助于更好地了解真菌的细胞生物学和系统发育关系。