Abstract This paper presents a palynological study of the archeological layers from the Neanderthal site Abrigo 3 del Complejo del Humo, in southern Spain (Malaga), with the aim of reconstructing the environmental conditions in the vicinity of this hominin site. The Upper Pleistocene vegetation and its variability are described, revealing a high diversity of thermophilous plant taxa throughout the cold dry phases, together with a long-term persistence of woody taxa, including Mediterranean, mesophytes, xerothermics and conifers. With the pollen records of Maytenus senegalensis as an outstanding finding, this study demonstrates the co-existence of temperate, Mediterranean and Ibero-Maghrebian angiosperms on the southern coastal plains of the Iberian Pleistocene where Neanderthals survived for a long time. It is therefore clear that Neanderthals and early Upper Paleolithic modern humans lived in a litoral refugium, which was a propitious environment for maintaining a high biodiversity, including potentially edible plant species. Besides, this coastal refugium offers broad possibilities for hunting, and interpopulational relationships through coastal platforms.

中文翻译：

---

来自伊比利亚南部的新花粉序列表明沿海更新世植物多样性热点

摘要 本文介绍了西班牙南部（马拉加）尼安德特人遗址 Abrigo 3 del Complejo del Humo 考古层的孢粉学研究，目的是重建该古人类遗址附近的环境条件。描述了上更新世植被及其变异性，揭示了整个寒冷干燥阶段的嗜热植物类群的高度多样性，以及长期存在的木本类群，包括地中海植物、中生植物、干热植物和针叶树。Maytenus senegalensis 的花粉记录是一项杰出的发现，这项研究表明，在尼安德特人长期生存的伊比利亚更新世南部沿海平原上，温带、地中海和伊比利亚-马格里布被子植物共存。因此，很明显，尼安德特人和旧石器时代晚期的现代人类生活在一个沿海避难所中，这是一个有利于保持高度生物多样性的环境，包括潜在的可食用植物物种。此外，这个沿海避难所通过沿海平台为狩猎和人口间关系提供了广泛的可能性。