A facile, eco-friendly and cost-efficient method has been used for the biofabrication of silver nanoparticles. The aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis was used as a bioreducing agent and as a capping/stabilizing agent in the single-step biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by various instrumental techniques, which included UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)-differential thermal analysis (DTA). The colour of the reaction mixture of silver nitrate solution and an aqueous extract of S. officinalis turned dark brown after 10 min of mixing; hence, the reduction of Ag⁺ to Ag° occurred. UV–vis spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of stable silver nanoparticles with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at λ_max of 446 nm. TEM analysis demonstrated that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles are spherical in shape and approximately 40 nm in size. Based on the observed results, a possible mechanism has been proposed for the formation of the silver nanoparticles. These biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were analysed, and the enhancement of their catalytic properties against toxic dye under various experimental conditions was demonstrated. According to the observed results, the catalytic activity for the degradation of azo dye Congo red (CR) was efficient under optimal experimental conditions. The phytochemical-based synthesis of nanoparticles provides a suitable, inexpensive and ecofriendly alternative for the degradation of highly toxic organic compounds and harmful azo dyes.

一种简便，环保且具有成本效益的方法已用于银纳米颗粒的生物制造。丹参的水提取物在银纳米粒子的一步生物合成中用作生物还原剂和封端/稳定剂。生物合成的银纳米颗粒的特征在于多种仪器技术，包括紫外可见光谱，透射电子显微镜（TEM），X射线粉末衍射（XRD），傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）能量色散X射线光谱（EDS） ）和热重分析（TGA）-差热分析（​​DTA）。硝酸银溶液与山茱。水提液反应混合物的颜色混合10分钟后变为黑褐色；因此，发生了从Ag ⁺到Ag°的还原。UV-Vis光谱证实稳定的银纳米颗粒与表面等离子共振在地层（SPR）带λ_最大446 nm。TEM分析表明，生物合成的银纳米颗粒为球形，尺寸约为40 nm。基于观察到的结果，已经提出了形成银纳米颗粒的可能机理。分析了这些生物合成的银纳米颗粒，并证明了它们在各种实验条件下对有毒染料的催化性能均得到增强。根据观察到的结果，在最佳实验条件下，降解偶氮染料刚果红（CR）的催化活性是有效的。纳米粒子的基于植物化学的合成为降解高毒性有机化合物和有害的偶氮染料提供了合适，廉价且生态友好的替代方法。