Abstract Coastal zones are popular recreational areas that substantially contribute to social welfare. Managers can use information about specific environmental features that people value, and how these might change under different management scenarios, to spatially target actions to areas of high current or potential value. We explored how snorkelers' experience would be affected by separate and combined land and marine management actions in West Maui, Hawaiʻi, using a Bayesian belief network (BBN) and a spatially explicit ecosystem services model. The BBN simulates the attractiveness of a site for recreation by combining snorkeler preferences for coastal features with expert opinions on ecological dynamics, snorkeler behavior, and management actions. A choice experiment with snorkelers elucidated their preferences for sites with better ecological and water-quality conditions. Linking the economic elicitation to the spatially explicit BBN to evaluate land-sea management scenarios provides specific guidance on where and how to act in West Maui to maximize ecosystem service returns. Improving coastal water quality through sediment runoff and cesspool effluent reductions (land management), and enhancing coral reef ecosystem conditions (marine management) positively affected overall snorkeling attractiveness across the study area, but with differential results at specific sites. The highest improvements were attained through joint land-sea management, driven by strong efforts to increase fish abundance and reduce sediment; however, the effects of management at individual beaches varied.

中文翻译：

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通过珊瑚礁游憩的生态经济模型连接陆地和海洋

摘要 沿海地区是受欢迎的休闲区，对社会福利做出了重大贡献。管理人员可以使用有关人们重视的特定环境特征的信息，以及这些特征在不同管理场景下可能如何变化，在空间上针对当前或潜在价值高的领域采取行动。我们使用贝叶斯信念网络 (BBN) 和空间明确的生态系统服务模型，探讨了夏威夷西毛伊岛单独和组合的陆地和海洋管理行动如何影响浮潜者的体验。BBN 通过将浮潜者对沿海特征的偏好与生态动态、浮潜者行为和管理行动的专家意见相结合，模拟了休闲场所的吸引力。浮潜者的选择实验阐明了他们对生态和水质条件更好的地点的偏好。将经济启发与空间明确的 BBN 联系起来以评估陆海管理情景，为在西毛伊岛采取行动以及如何行动以最大化生态系统服务回报提供了具体指导。通过减少沉积物径流和污水池流出物（土地管理）以及改善珊瑚礁生态系统条件（海洋管理）来改善沿海水质，对整个研究区域的整体浮潜吸引力产生了积极影响，但在特定地点会产生不同的结果。在增加鱼类丰度和减少沉积物的大力努力的推动下，通过海陆联合管理实现了最大的改进；然而，各个海滩的管理效果各不相同。