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Diet selection of white-tailed deer supports the nutrient balance hypothesis
Behavioural Processes ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104196
Jacob L Dykes 1 , Bronson K Strickland 1 , Stephen Demarais 1 , Daniel B Reynolds 2 , Marcus A Lashley 3
Affiliation  

Herbivores must navigate a heterogeneous matrix of nutrients in plant communities to meet physiological requirements. Given that the only difference between an essential nutrient and a toxin is the concentration in the herbivores diet, heterogeneity of nutrient concentrations in plant communities likely force wild herbivores to balance intake of abundant nutrients that may reach toxic levels with the need to meet nutritional demands of rare nutrients (i.e., nutrient balance hypothesis). While this hypothesis has been demonstrated in controlled studies with captive herbivores, experiments testing the nutrient balance hypothesis with wild herbivores are rare. We designed a cafeteria-style experiment to measure use of forages with differing nutritional compositions by wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to test the nutrient balance hypothesis. We predicted deer diet selection would be explained by attraction to some nutrients and avoidance of others. Deer selected forages with low sulfur concentrations, a nutrient that commonly reaches toxic levels in herbivores. However, deer secondarily selected forages with greater digestibility and crude protein. Thus, our data indicate that the nutrient balance hypothesis may explain diet selection in wild herbivores where they avoid reaching toxicity of abundant nutrients while secondarily maximizing intake of limiting nutrients.

中文翻译:

白尾鹿的饮食选择支持营养平衡假说

食草动物必须在植物群落中的异质营养基质中导航,以满足生理需求。鉴于必需营养素和毒素之间的唯一区别是食草动物饮食中的浓度,植物群落中营养素浓度的异质性可能会迫使野生食草动物平衡可能达到毒性水平的丰富营养素的摄入量与满足营养需求的需要稀有营养素(即营养素平衡假说)。虽然这一假设已在圈养食草动物的对照研究中得到证实,但用野生食草动物测试营养平衡假设的实验很少见。我们设计了一个自助餐厅式实验来测量野生白尾鹿 (Odocoileus virginianus) 使用具有不同营养成分的草料来测试营养平衡假设。我们预测鹿的饮食选择可以通过对某些营养素的吸引和对其他营养素的回避来解释。鹿选择硫浓度低的草料,这种营养物质在食草动物中通常达到毒性水平。然而,鹿次要选择消化率和粗蛋白更高的草料。因此,我们的数据表明,营养平衡假说可以解释野生食草动物的饮食选择,在这种情况下,它们避免达到丰富营养的毒性,同时最大限度地摄入有限的营养。鹿选择硫浓度低的草料,这种营养物质在食草动物中通常达到毒性水平。然而,鹿次要选择消化率和粗蛋白更高的草料。因此,我们的数据表明,营养平衡假说可以解释野生食草动物的饮食选择,在这种情况下,它们避免达到丰富营养的毒性,同时最大限度地摄入有限的营养。鹿选择硫浓度低的草料,这种营养物质在食草动物中通常达到毒性水平。然而,鹿次要选择消化率和粗蛋白更高的草料。因此,我们的数据表明,营养平衡假说可以解释野生食草动物的饮食选择,在这种情况下,它们避免达到丰富营养的毒性,同时最大限度地摄入有限的营养。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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