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Sex- and context-specific associations between personality and a measure of fitness but no link with life history traits
Animal Behaviour ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.06.013
Jessica A. Haines , Sarah E. Nason , Alyshia M.M. Skurdal , Tenal Bourchier , Stan Boutin , Ryan W. Taylor , Andrew G. McAdam , Jeffrey E. Lane , Amanda D. Kelley , Murray M. Humphries , Jamieson C. Gorrell , Ben Dantzer , David W. Coltman , Anni Hämäläinen

The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis posits that personality traits (i.e. consistent individual differences in behaviour) are linked to life history and fitness. Specifically, fast-paced individuals are predicted to be proactive (i.e. active and aggressive) with an earlier age at first reproduction, a shorter life span and higher fecundity than slow-paced individuals. Environmental conditions and sex differences may be important in maintaining behavioural and life history variation in populations and may influence the covariance of personality with life history or lifetime fitness. However, these effects are rarely tested together. We investigated whether the occurrence of a resource pulse (called a mast year) during adulthood altered the associations between personality and life history traits or lifetime offspring production in adult North American red squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus. Despite accounting for environmental context during adulthood, we found no evidence of an overall pace-of-life syndrome in this population as personality was not associated with age at first reproduction or longevity in either sex. Males and females had similar activity levels, but females were more aggressive, potentially due to the fitness benefits of protecting their offspring from predation. In all females, regardless of mast experience, there was no association between activity and lifetime pup production, but there was a positive association between aggression and lifetime pup production. In males that experienced a mast, there was a positive association between lifetime pup production and both activity and aggression. In males that did not experience a mast, there was no association between activity and lifetime pup production, but there was a negative association between aggression and lifetime pup production. Lifetime recruit production (number of adult offspring recruited into the breeding population) in either sex was not influenced by activity or aggression regardless of mast experience. Overall, our results suggest that the infrequent occurrence of mast years may contribute to maintaining variation in personality traits in red squirrels.

中文翻译:

个性与健康指标之间的性别和环境特定关联,但与生活史特征没有联系

生活节奏综合症假说假定人格特征(即行为上一致的个体差异)与生活史和健康有关。具体而言,与慢节奏的个体相比,快节奏的个体被预测为具有主动性(即主动和攻击性),第一次繁殖的年龄更早、寿命更短且繁殖力更高。环境条件和性别差异对于维持人群的行为和生活史变化可能很重要,并可能影响个性与生活史或终生健康的协方差。然而,这些影响很少一起测试。我们调查了成年期资源脉冲(称为肥大年)的发生是否改变了成年北美红松鼠 Tamiasciurus hudsonicus 的个性与生活史特征或终生后代产量之间的关联。尽管考虑了成年期的环境背景,但我们没有发现该人群总体生活节奏综合症的证据,因为个性与任何性别的首次生育年龄或寿命无关。雄性和雌性的活动水平相似,但雌性更具攻击性,这可能是由于保护后代免受捕食的健康益处。在所有雌性中,无论桅杆经验如何,活动与终生幼崽生产之间没有关联,但攻击性与终生幼崽生产之间存在正相关关系。在经历过肥大的雄性中,终生幼崽生产与活动和攻击性之间存在正相关。在没有经历过肥大的雄性中,活动与终生幼崽生产之间没有关联,但攻击性与终生幼崽生产之间存在负相关。无论桅杆经验如何,任何性别的终生招募产量(招募到繁殖种群中的成年后代数量)都不受活动或攻击性的影响。总的来说,我们的结果表明,桅杆年的罕见发生可​​能有助于保持红松鼠性格特征的变化。终生幼崽生产与活动和攻击性之间存在正相关。在没有经历过肥大的雄性中,活动与终生幼崽生产之间没有关联,但攻击性与终生幼崽生产之间存在负相关。无论桅杆经验如何,任何性别的终生招募产量(招募到繁殖种群中的成年后代数量)都不受活动或攻击性的影响。总的来说,我们的结果表明,桅杆年的罕见发生可​​能有助于保持红松鼠性格特征的变化。终生幼崽生产与活动和攻击性之间存在正相关。在没有经历过肥大的雄性中,活动与终生幼崽生产之间没有关联,但攻击性与终生幼崽生产之间存在负相关。无论桅杆经验如何,任何性别的终生招募产量(招募到繁殖种群中的成年后代数量)都不受活动或攻击性的影响。总的来说,我们的结果表明,桅杆年的罕见发生可​​能有助于保持红松鼠性格特征的变化。但攻击性和终生幼崽生产之间存在负相关。无论桅杆经验如何,任何性别的终生招募产量(招募到繁殖种群中的成年后代数量)都不受活动或攻击性的影响。总的来说,我们的结果表明,桅杆年的罕见发生可​​能有助于保持红松鼠性格特征的变化。但攻击性和终生幼崽生产之间存在负相关。无论桅杆经验如何,任何性别的终生招募产量(招募到繁殖种群中的成年后代数量)都不受活动或攻击性的影响。总的来说,我们的结果表明,桅杆年的罕见发生可​​能有助于保持红松鼠性格特征的变化。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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