Concerns with environmental sustainability have promoted adoption of conservationist practices in agricultural production, mainly focused on soil quality preservation or recovery. The aim of this study was evaluating short-term soil physical quality improvements under agroforestry system management in Southern Brazil. The agroforestry system was implemented in 2013 in an Ultisol with Sandy Loam texture. Rows of agroforestry system (AFS-R) were composed by biomass producer trees intercalated with wood and fruit producer trees while in the inter-rows (AFS-IR) perennial sub-shrub, perennial grass, and summer and winter green manure annual species were implanted. Soil under native forest was used as control. Soil samples in the 0.0–0.1; 0.1–0.2 and 0.2–0.4 m depths were collected for the determination of physical attributes and the total organic carbon content in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Bulk density decreased about 9% (AFS-R) and 6% (AFS-IR) in 0.0–0.1 m between 2015 and 2017. Total porosity increased over time only in AFS-R, at a rate of 0.025 m3 m−3 year−1. The total organic carbon content of AFS increased over time only in the 0.0–0.1 m layer, although remained up to 35% less in relation to the native forest. The agroforestry system resulted in consistent improvements of several soil physical attributes over short time, particularly in rows with arboreal plants, highlighting the role of diversified tree root systems and plant residues accumulation, which implied a rapid improvement in soil quality. In this context, long-term studies with agroforestry systems are crucial to understand the benefits on soil quality.

中文翻译：

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农林业系统促进的短期土壤物理质量改善

对环境可持续性的关注促进了在农业生产中采用保护主义做法，主要侧重于土壤质量的保持或恢复。本研究的目的是评估巴西南部农林业系统管理下土壤物理质量的短期改善。农林业系统于 2013 年在具有沙壤土质地的 Ultisol 中实施。农林复合系统 (AFS-R) 的行间由生物质生产树与木材和水果生产树的插层组成，而行间 (AFS-IR) 多年生亚灌木、多年生草和夏冬绿肥一年生物种是植入。原始森林下的土壤用作对照。土壤样品在 0.0-0.1 之间；0.1-0.2 和 0.2-0。2015 年、2016 年和 2017 年收集了 4 m 深度用于确定物理属性和总有机碳含量。 2015 年之间 0.0-0.1 m 的体积密度下降了约 9% (AFS-R) 和 6% (AFS-IR)和 2017 年。仅在 AFS-R 中，总孔隙度随时间增加，增长率为 0.025 m3 m-3 year-1。AFS 的总有机碳含量仅在 0.0-0.1 m 层随时间增加，尽管与原始森林相比仍低 35%。农林业系统在短时间内持续改善了几种土壤物理属性，特别是在有树栖植物的行中，突出了多样化的树根系统和植物残留物积累的作用，这意味着土壤质量的快速改善。在这种情况下，