The proton linac of the European Spallation Source, under construction in Lund, Sweden, had beam commissioning of its ion source (IS) and the following low energy beam transport (LEBT) at their final locations from September 2018 to July 2019. This was first of several beam commissioning stages for the linac of ESS, towards the start of the user program in 2023. This paper presents highlights of characterizations of the IS and LEBT from the aforementioned beam commissioning period, including behavioral change of the IS against its parameters, error source identifications of the beam trajectory in the LEBT, and preliminary characterization of the LEBT output beam against solenoid strengths in LEBT.

中文翻译：

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ESS 首个离子束调试阶段的亮点，用于离子源和低能量束传输

在瑞典隆德建造的欧洲散裂源的质子直线加速器于 2018 年 9 月至 2019 年 7 月在其最终位置对其离子源 (IS) 和以下低能束传输 (LEBT) 进行了束调试。 这是首次ESS 直线加速器的几个波束调试阶段，到 2023 年开始用户程序。 本文介绍了上述波束调试期间 IS 和 LEBT 特征的重点，包括 IS 对其参数的行为变化、误差LEBT 中光束轨迹的源识别，以及 LEBT 输出光束与 LEBT 中螺线管强度的初步表征。