Background:High education level and high occupational complexity have been implicated as risk factors for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective:The objective was to determine whether cognitive capacity, measured as IQ, in early adulthood is associated with the subsequent development of PD. Method:Data on IQ were retrieved from the Swedish Military Service Conscription Registry, comprising Swedish males who enlisted for military service in the period 1968–1993 (N = 1,319,235). After exclusion, 1,189,134 subjects in total were included in the present study. Individuals who later developed PD (N = 1,724) were identified using the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Results:High education level was associated with PD. High IQ was associated with PD (p < 0.0001), both when analyzed as a continuous variable and when divided into three categories. The hazard ratio for the high IQ category compared to the low IQ category was 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.17–1.55). Strong test results on the subtests, measuring verbal, logic, visuospatial and technical abilities, were also associated with PD. In a subgroup, smoking was inversely associated with PD, as well as with IQ. Conclusions:This study identifies high IQ to be a risk factor for PD.

中文翻译：

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成年早期的高智商与帕金森病有关。

背景：高教育水平和高职业复杂性被认为是帕金森病 (PD) 的危险因素。目的：目的是确定成年早期的认知能力（以智商衡量）是否与 PD 的后续发展相关。方法：IQ 数据来自瑞典兵役征兵登记处，包括 1968-1993 年期间入伍服役的瑞典男性（N = 1,319,235）。排除后，本研究总共包括 1,189,134 名受试者。使用瑞典国家患者登记册和瑞典死因登记册确定后来发展为 PD 的个人（N = 1,724）。结果：高学历与PD相关。高智商与 PD 相关（p < 0.0001），无论是作为连续变量进行分析还是分为三类时。与低智商类别相比，高智商类别的风险比为 1.35（95% 置信区间为 1.17-1.55）。子测试中的强测试结果，测量语言、逻辑、视觉空间和技术能力，也与 PD 相关。在一个亚组中，吸烟与 PD 以及智商呈负相关。结论：本研究确定高智商是 PD 的危险因素。