The advancement of lead-free piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) for flexible electronics necessitates designing more efficient systems for improved energy storage capacity. In this light, the effects of patterning BaTiO3 nanotubes within PENG on the electromechanical properties of the device were investigated. The PENGs comprised a sandwich structure of Ti–BaTiO3–graphite–Ti encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane. Four patterns of vertically aligned BaTiO3 nanotubes were synthesized via the hydrothermal conversion of selectively-anodized TiO2 nanotubes. The highest output voltage reached up to 1.9 V. Decreasing the nanotube array spacing and pattern diameter increased the lateral displacement of BaTiO3 therefore, increasing the output voltage of the device.

中文翻译：

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阵列模式对垂直排列的 BaTiO3 纳米管柔性压电纳米发电机电压输出的影响

用于柔性电子产品的无铅压电纳米发电机 (PENG) 的进步需要设计更高效的系统以提高储能能力。有鉴于此，研究了在 PENG 内图案化 BaTiO3 纳米管对器件机电性能的影响。PENG 由封装在聚二甲基硅氧烷中的 Ti-BaTiO3-石墨-Ti 的夹层结构组成。通过选择性阳极氧化的 TiO2 纳米管的水热转化，合成了四种垂直排列的 BaTiO3 纳米管。最高输出电压达到 1.9 V。减小纳米管阵列间距和图案直径会增加 BaTiO3 的横向位移，从而增加器件的输出电压。