Schistosomiasis is the most important helminth disease in the world from a public health perspective. S mansoni and S japonicum account for the majority of global intestinal schistosomiasis cases, and the pathogenesis is widely assumed to be fundamentally similar. However, the majority of research on schistosomiasis has been carried out on S mansoni and comparisons between the two species are rarely made. Here, we will discuss aspects of both older and recent literature where such comparisons have been made, with a particular focus on the pathological agent, the host granulomatous response to the egg. Major differences between the two species are apparent in features such as egg production patterns and cellular infiltration; however, it is also clear that even subtle differences in the cascade of various cytokines and chemokines contribute to the different levels of pathology observed between these two main species of intestinal schistosomiasis. A better understanding of such differences at species level will be vital when it comes to the development of new treatment strategies and vaccines.

中文翻译：

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日本血吸虫与曼氏血吸虫感染的肉芽肿形成和组织病理学

从公共卫生的角度来看，血吸虫病是世界上最重要的蠕虫病。曼氏血吸虫病和日本血吸虫病占全球肠道血吸虫病病例的大部分，人们普遍认为其发病机制基本相似。然而，大多数血吸虫病研究都是在曼氏血吸虫上进行的并且很少对这两个物种进行比较。在这里，我们将讨论已进行此类比较的较早和近期文献的各个方面，特别关注病理因素，即宿主对卵子的肉芽肿反应。两个物种之间的主要差异在产蛋模式和细胞浸润等特征上很明显。然而，同样清楚的是，即使是各种细胞因子和趋化因子级联的细微差异也会导致在这两种主要肠道血吸虫病之间观察到的不同病理学水平。在开发新的治疗策略和疫苗时，更好地了解物种水平的这种差异至关重要。