Abstract This article draws from the conceptual framework of techno-bureaucratic and developmentalist doxas to understand the social practice of responsibilization in governance of non-industrial private forestry (NIPF) in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. More specifically, attention is paid to responsibilization in the use of genetically improved tree seeds among small-scale tree growers. Data for the study were obtained using documentary review, participatory observation, focus group discussions and interviews with actors at district and village levels. Semi-structured interviews involved government and village officials, small-scale tree growers and other community members as well as NGO representatives. In addition, relevant policy, legislative and project documents and other grey literature were collected and reviewed for triangualation. Data were recorded, transcribed and analysed with a particular focus on emerging themes and sub-themes as well as patterns. The article shows that greater control is exercised by NGOs in the process of governance aimed primarily at modernization of private forestry generally and NIPF in particular. Existing power relations among actors are shaped and legitimized through the promotion of interventions that accord greater importance to professional and expert knowledge than to local knowledge. In effect, this has created dependence among small-scale tree growers and a greater reliance on expert technical knowledge, which is reflected in greater importance being given to training by outside experts at the expense of local initiatives. High cost of genetically improved tree seeds stands in the way of accomplishment of responsibilization in governance of NIPF and, more specifically, among small-scale tree growers.

中文翻译：

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非工业私营林业治理的责任：来自坦桑尼亚南部高地的经验

摘要 本文借鉴了技术官僚主义和发展主义doxas的概念框架，以了解坦桑尼亚南部高地非工业私营林业（NIPF）治理中的责任化社会实践。更具体地说，关注小规模树木种植者在使用遗传改良树木种子方面的责任。该研究的数据是通过文件审查、参与式观察、焦点小组讨论以及与地区和村庄级别的行动者访谈获得的。半结构化访谈涉及政府和村庄官员、小规模树木种植者和其他社区成员以及非政府组织代表。此外，还收集并审查了相关政策、立法和项目文件以及其他灰色文献，以进行三方分析。数据被记录、转录和分析，特别关注新兴主题和子主题以及模式。文章表明，非政府组织在治理过程中行使了更大的控制权，主要旨在实现私有林业的现代化，尤其是 NIPF。行动者之间现有的权力关系是通过促进对专业和专家知识比对地方知识更重要的干预来塑造和合法化的。实际上，这造成了小规模树木种植者的依赖和对专家技术知识的更大依赖，这反映在更加重视外部专家的培训而牺牲了当地举措。