This experimental visualization study was conducted to investigate and define the phenomena of an initially pressurized liquid water target that can prevent the boiling of water when the target is irradiated with a 30-MeV proton beam produced using the MC-50 Cyclotron at Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences. At various initial pressures and proton beam currents, the behavior of the target water was investigated using a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor camera. We confirmed that an appropriate initial pressure could indeed prevent local bulk boiling, and be determined by solving Rayleigh's equation and the Clausius–Clapeyron equation for homogeneous bubble growth using the measured bubble size generated at the Bragg-peak region. The saturation temperature of the initial pressure must be higher than the calculated local water temperature at the Bragg-peak region. The final pressure of the water target increased proportionally with the initial pressure and proton beam current. The penetration depth of the beam varied with beam current and slightly with the final pressure, as evidenced by the emission of blue light in all experimental cases.

进行了该实验性可视化研究，以调查和定义最初加压的液态水目标的现象，当使用韩国放射学会的MC-50回旋加速器产生的30-MeV质子束辐照目标时，可以防止水沸腾和医学。在各种初始压力和质子束流的作用下，使用互补金属氧化物半导体摄像机研究了目标水的行为。我们证实，适当的初始压力确实可以防止局部体积沸腾，可以通过使用在布拉格峰区域产生的实测气泡大小，通过求解Rayleigh方程和Clausius-Clapeyron方程来确定均匀气泡的生长来确定。初始压力的饱和温度必须高于在布拉格峰地区计算出的局部水温。水靶的最终压力与初始压力和质子束流成比例地增加。在所有实验情况下，蓝光的发射证明了光束的穿透深度随光束电流而变化，并随最终压力而略有变化。